Modulation of Angiogenesis-Related Biomarkers in Brain and Myocardial Tissues by Exercise and Carnosine: An ELISA-Based Analysis of VEGF-A, HIF-1α, Ang-1, MMP-9, and Anti-Angiogenic Factors.

Bolat H, Akbulut T, Çınar V, Avcu EÇ, Yasul Y, Bozbay K, Aydın S

Molecular nutrition & food research5 Nov 2025Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID41194403DOI10.1002/mnfr.70298PepBankPUB-41194403

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

1 result from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, the carnosine-alone group showed anti-angiogenic tendencies, as did control and sham groups.
In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine alone, control and sham groups showed tendencies against blood vessel formation.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
Not applicableAngiogenic biomarker profile with carnosine alone
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
100 mg/kg/day · oral · 5 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
PCA and clustering analyses revealed a dominant pro-angiogenic profile in AE + Cz and AnE + Cz, whereas C, S, and Cz groups showed anti-angiogenic tendencies.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
Report a problemFND-4119440310

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking L-carnosine.

02AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, myocardial VEGF-A increased in exercise and exercise-plus-carnosine groups, with the highest level in the aerobic combination group.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart VEGF-A increased with exercise alone and exercise plus carnosine, with the highest level in the aerobic combination group.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseMyocardial VEGF-A
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
The myocardial tissue revealed that VEGF-A, HIF-1α, and Ang-1 significantly increased in exercise and combined groups (p < 0.05), with AE + Cz showing the highest VEGF-A and AnE + Cz the highest HIF-1α.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440301
03AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, myocardial HIF-1α increased in exercise and exercise-plus-carnosine groups, with the highest level in the anaerobic combination group.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart HIF-1α increased with exercise alone and exercise plus carnosine, with the highest level in the anaerobic combination group.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseMyocardial HIF-1α
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
The myocardial tissue revealed that VEGF-A, HIF-1α, and Ang-1 significantly increased in exercise and combined groups (p < 0.05), with AE + Cz showing the highest VEGF-A and AnE + Cz the highest HIF-1α.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440302
04AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, myocardial Ang-1 significantly increased in exercise and exercise-plus-carnosine groups.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart Ang-1 increased in exercise-only and exercise-plus-carnosine groups.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseMyocardial Ang-1
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
The myocardial tissue revealed that VEGF-A, HIF-1α, and Ang-1 significantly increased in exercise and combined groups (p < 0.05), with AE + Cz showing the highest VEGF-A and AnE + Cz the highest HIF-1α.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440303
05AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, myocardial tumstatin significantly decreased in aerobic-exercise-only and aerobic-exercise-plus-carnosine groups.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart tumstatin decreased with aerobic exercise alone and aerobic exercise plus carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial tumstatin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
The tumstatin and endostatin levels were significantly reduced in AE and AE + Cz groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440304
06AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, myocardial endostatin significantly decreased in aerobic-exercise-only and aerobic-exercise-plus-carnosine groups.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart endostatin decreased with aerobic exercise alone and aerobic exercise plus carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial endostatin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
The tumstatin and endostatin levels were significantly reduced in AE and AE + Cz groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440305
07AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, brain Ang-1 increased across all exercise groups, including exercise-plus-carnosine groups.
In plain wordsIn rats, brain Ang-1 increased in all exercise groups, including those receiving carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
IncreaseBrain Ang-1
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
The brain tissue indicated that Ang-1 increased, while tumstatin and endostatin consistently decreased across all exercise groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440306
08AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, brain tumstatin decreased across all exercise groups, including exercise-plus-carnosine groups.
In plain wordsIn rats, brain tumstatin decreased in all exercise groups, including those receiving carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseBrain tumstatin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
The brain tissue indicated that Ang-1 increased, while tumstatin and endostatin consistently decreased across all exercise groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440307
09AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, brain endostatin decreased across all exercise groups, including exercise-plus-carnosine groups.
In plain wordsIn rats, brain endostatin decreased in all exercise groups, including those receiving carnosine.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
DecreaseBrain endostatin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
The brain tissue indicated that Ang-1 increased, while tumstatin and endostatin consistently decreased across all exercise groups.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440308
10AnimalNot a test of L-carnosine aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, aerobic and anaerobic exercise plus carnosine showed a dominant pro-angiogenic profile in multivariate analyses.
In plain wordsIn rats, exercise plus carnosine showed a dominant profile that favored blood vessel formation.
Peptide
L-carnosine
Outcome
Not applicableAngiogenic biomarker profile with exercise
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
PCA and clustering analyses revealed a dominant pro-angiogenic profile in AE + Cz and AnE + Cz, whereas C, S, and Cz groups showed anti-angiogenic tendencies.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to seven groups: control (C), sham (S), carnosine (Cz), aerobic exercise (AE), anaerobic exercise (AnE), AE + Cz, and AnE + Cz.
Summary · context
Exercise protocols were performed 5 days per week for 5 weeks (aerobic: 15 m/min; anaerobic: 25 m/min), while carnosine was administered orally (100 mg/kg/day).
In this study, L-carnosine was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking L-carnosine.
Report a problemFND-4119440309

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Modulation of Angiogenesis-Related Biomarkers in Brain and Myocardial Tissues by Exercise and Carnosine: An ELISA-Based Analysis of VEGF-A, HIF-1α, Ang-1, MMP-9, and Anti-Angiogenic Factors.

Summary

Results from this study10

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords