Skip to content

Study · Observational study · 2025

10 results

Semaglutide and diabetic retinopathy: an OHDSI network study.

Cai CX, Nishimura A, Baxter S, Goetz K, Hribar M, Toy B, Barkmeier A, Wang S, Swaminathan S, Flowers A, Brown E, Xu B and 36 more

Show all authors

Chen J, Chen A, Leng T, Boland M, Alshammari T, Bu F, Falconer T, Martin B, Westlund E, Mathioudakis N, Zhang L, Fan R, Wilcox A, Lai A, Stocking JC, Xie Y, Lee LH, Dorr D, Humes I, McCoy D, Adibuzzaman M, Areaux R Jr, Brash J, Weiskopf N, Morgan-Cooper H, Desai P, Tran D, Rustam Z, Zhu G, Swerdel J, Sena A, Nagy P, Suchard M, Schuemie M, Hripcsak G, Ryan P

BMJ open diabetes research & care4 Nov 2025Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID41192935 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12587949 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1136/bmjdrc-2025-005424 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41192935
Read at sourcePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 10 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. 10 results from people.

  1. 01HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk with semaglutide was similar to dulaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a similar risk of a severe eye complication to dulaglutide users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeProliferative diabetic retinopathy risk vs dulaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.81
    PDR vs dulaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    PDR risk for semaglutide was similar to dulaglutide (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.54, p=0.51)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  2. 02HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk with semaglutide was similar to empagliflozin.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a similar risk of a severe eye complication to empagliflozin users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeProliferative diabetic retinopathy risk vs empagliflozin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Empagliflozin
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.83
    PDR vs empagliflozin

    Source sentences

    Summary
    PDR risk for semaglutide was similar to dulaglutide (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.54, p=0.51), empagliflozin (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.30, p=0.41)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  3. 03HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk with semaglutide was similar to sitagliptin.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a similar risk of a severe eye complication to sitagliptin users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeProliferative diabetic retinopathy risk vs sitagliptin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.83
    PDR vs sitagliptin

    Source sentences

    Summary
    PDR risk for semaglutide was similar to dulaglutide (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.54, p=0.51), empagliflozin (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.30, p=0.41) and sitagliptin (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.55, p=0.57)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  4. 04HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk with semaglutide was lower than with glipizide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a lower risk of a severe eye complication than glipizide users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseProliferative diabetic retinopathy risk vs glipizide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Glipizide
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.59
    PDR vs glipizide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but was lower than glipizide (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.88, p=0.01).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  5. 05HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, risk of treatment-requiring DR/DME with semaglutide was similar to empagliflozin.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a similar risk of eye disease needing treatment to empagliflozin users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeTreatment-requiring DR/DME risk vs empagliflozin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Empagliflozin
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.66
    DR/DME vs empagliflozin

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The risk for treatment-requiring DR/DME for semaglutide was similar to empagliflozin (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.02, p=0.06)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  6. 06HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, risk of treatment-requiring DR/DME with semaglutide was lower than with dulaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a lower risk of eye disease needing treatment than dulaglutide users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseTreatment-requiring DR/DME risk vs dulaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.53
    DR/DME vs dulaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but lower than dulaglutide (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.91, p=0.02)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  7. 07HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, risk of treatment-requiring DR/DME with semaglutide was lower than with sitagliptin.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a lower risk of eye disease needing treatment than sitagliptin users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseTreatment-requiring DR/DME risk vs sitagliptin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.46
    DR/DME vs sitagliptin

    Source sentences

    Summary
    sitagliptin (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.81, p=0.008)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  8. 08HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, risk of treatment-requiring DR/DME with semaglutide was lower than with glipizide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users had a lower risk of eye disease needing treatment than glipizide users.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseTreatment-requiring DR/DME risk vs glipizide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Glipizide
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    HR
    0.55
    DR/DME vs glipizide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and glipizide (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.91, p=0.02).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    The association between semaglutide and PDR or treatment-requiring DR/DME was assessed using an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users of semaglutide as second-line T2D treatment to those on other GLP-1RAs and non-GLP-1RAs.
  9. 09HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with T2D, dulaglutide and semaglutide were linked to similar proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk.

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, dulaglutide and semaglutide were linked to similar proliferative diabetic eye disease risk.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    No significant changeProliferative diabetic retinopathy
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Vision and retina · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio
    0.81 ratio
    semaglutide versus dulaglutide
    95% confidence interval of hazard ratio
    0.42 to 1.54 ratio
    semaglutide versus dulaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    PDR risk for semaglutide was similar to dulaglutide (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.54, p=0.51)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    Adults with T2D on semaglutide, other GLP-1RA (dulaglutide, exenatide), or non-GLP-1RA medications (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, glipizide) from 1 December 2017 to 31 December 2023 were included.
  10. 10HumanObservational studySafety outcome

    In adults with T2D, dulaglutide was linked to higher risk of treatment-requiring DR/DME than semaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to higher risk of eye disease requiring treatment than semaglutide.

    Peptide
    Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTreatment-requiring DR/DME
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Vision and retina · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio
    0.53 ratio
    semaglutide versus dulaglutide
    95% confidence interval of hazard ratio
    0.31 to 0.91 ratio
    semaglutide versus dulaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The risk for treatment-requiring DR/DME for semaglutide was similar to empagliflozin (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.02, p=0.06) but lower than dulaglutide (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.91, p=0.02)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    This was a retrospective cohort study of 14 databases (six administrative claims and eight electronic health records) in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Evidence Network.
    Summary · context
    Adults with T2D on semaglutide, other GLP-1RA (dulaglutide, exenatide), or non-GLP-1RA medications (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, glipizide) from 1 December 2017 to 31 December 2023 were included.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 9Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    The same notice was added 6 times, first on 22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.