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Study · Systematic review · n = 6,253 · 2025

6 results

Assessment of noninferiority of oral vs subcutaneous semaglutide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Drygalski K, Pastuszak K, Modzelewska B

Polish archives of internal medicine21 Oct 2025

PMID41117588 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.20452/pamw.17141 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41117588
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide met the noninferiority margin at 50% of the subcutaneous effect for HbA1c lowering.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide was not worse than injected semaglutide at lowering HbA1c, within the set margin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeNoninferiority of oral versus subcutaneous semaglutide for HbA1c
    Study

    n = 6,253

    Comparator
    Subcutaneous semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Noninferiority margin
    50%
    oral vs subcutaneous effect

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide met the noninferiority margin at 50% of the subcutaneous effect.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 6253 adults with T2D were analyzed.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide was superior to oral semaglutide for weight loss (difference 2.19 kg).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, injected semaglutide led to more weight loss than oral semaglutide in pooled trials.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight: subcutaneous versus oral semaglutide
    Study

    n = 6,253

    Comparator
    Oral semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Weight loss difference
    2.19 kg
    subcutaneous vs oral

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Subcutaneous semaglutide was superior for weight loss (2.19 kg; 95% CI, -3.57 to -0.81; P <0.002), body mass index (BMI) reduction (0.88 kg/m2; 95% CI, -1.55 to -0.21; P <0.011), and triglyceride level lowering (0.09 mmol/l; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.04; P <0.001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 6253 adults with T2D were analyzed.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide was superior to oral semaglutide for BMI reduction (difference 0.88 kg/m2).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, injected semaglutide lowered BMI more than oral semaglutide in pooled trials.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseBMI: subcutaneous versus oral semaglutide
    Study

    n = 6,253

    Comparator
    Oral semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    BMI reduction difference
    0.88 kg/m2
    subcutaneous vs oral

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Subcutaneous semaglutide was superior for weight loss (2.19 kg; 95% CI, -3.57 to -0.81; P <0.002), body mass index (BMI) reduction (0.88 kg/m2; 95% CI, -1.55 to -0.21; P <0.011), and triglyceride level lowering (0.09 mmol/l; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.04; P <0.001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 6253 adults with T2D were analyzed.
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide was superior to oral semaglutide for lowering triglycerides (difference 0.09 mmol/l).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, injected semaglutide lowered triglycerides more than oral semaglutide in pooled trials.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseTriglycerides: subcutaneous versus oral semaglutide
    Study

    n = 6,253

    Comparator
    Oral semaglutide
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Triglyceride lowering difference
    0.09 mmol/l
    subcutaneous vs oral

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Subcutaneous semaglutide was superior for weight loss (2.19 kg; 95% CI, -3.57 to -0.81; P <0.002), body mass index (BMI) reduction (0.88 kg/m2; 95% CI, -1.55 to -0.21; P <0.011), and triglyceride level lowering (0.09 mmol/l; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.04; P <0.001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 6253 adults with T2D were analyzed.
  5. 05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c by 1.16 percentage points in the pooled analysis.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered HbA1c by 1.16 percentage points in pooled trials.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change with oral semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    1.16 percentage points
    oral semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both formulations of semaglutide significantly reduced the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), that is, oral by 1.16 percentage points (95% CI, -1.22 to -1.09) and subcutaneous by 1.4 percentage points (95% CI, -1.47 to -1.33).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 6253 adults with T2D were analyzed.
  6. 06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c by 1.4 percentage points in the pooled analysis.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide lowered HbA1c by 1.4 percentage points in pooled trials.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c change with subcutaneous semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    HbA1c reduction
    1.4 percentage points
    subcutaneous semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both formulations of semaglutide significantly reduced the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), that is, oral by 1.16 percentage points (95% CI, -1.22 to -1.09) and subcutaneous by 1.4 percentage points (95% CI, -1.47 to -1.33).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 6253 adults with T2D were analyzed.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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