Oral semaglutide for weight loss and liver fibrosis in overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial.

Katrevula A, Kalapala R, Agrawal S, Jagtap N, Chhabra P, Kulkarni AV, Merugu C, Katukuri GR, Duvvur NR

Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology9 Oct 2025Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID41066034DOI10.1007/s12664-025-01856-7PepBankPUB-41066034

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. 14 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced body weight more than lifestyle modification alone at 28 weeks.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, oral semaglutide led to more weight loss than lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreasePercentage weight reduction at 28 weeks
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Mean weight change
−10.47%
semaglutide
Mean weight change
−2.4%
control
Source sentences
Summary
At 28 weeks, the mean percentage weight reduction was -10.47% (SD 5.3) in the Semaglutide group vs. -2.4% (SD 4.5) in the control group (p < 0.001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603401
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide improved ALT levels more than lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, oral semaglutide improved the liver enzyme ALT more than lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseALT change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide treatment significantly improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) levels, along with reductions in the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, liver fat content and liver stiffness.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603402
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced the APRI score more than lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered a liver scarring score (APRI) more than lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAPRI score change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide treatment significantly improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) levels, along with reductions in the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, liver fat content and liver stiffness.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603403
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced liver fat content more than lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced liver fat more than lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLiver fat content change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide treatment significantly improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) levels, along with reductions in the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, liver fat content and liver stiffness.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603404
05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced liver stiffness more than lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, oral semaglutide lowered liver stiffness more than lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLiver stiffness change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Semaglutide treatment significantly improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) levels, along with reductions in the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, liver fat content and liver stiffness.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603405
06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, the NAFLD fibrosis score did not fall significantly with oral semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, a liver scarring score (NFS) did not fall significantly with oral semaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeNAFLD fibrosis score change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
However, NFS (NAFLD fibrosis score) and FIB-4 (fibrosis-4 index) did not show significant reductions.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603406
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, the FIB-4 index did not fall significantly with oral semaglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, a liver scarring index (FIB-4) did not fall significantly with oral semaglutide.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeFIB-4 change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
However, NFS (NAFLD fibrosis score) and FIB-4 (fibrosis-4 index) did not show significant reductions.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603407
08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, BMI improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, BMI improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBMI improvement
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly greater with semaglutide (p < 0.001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603408
09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, waist circumference improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, waist size improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference improvement
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly greater with semaglutide (p < 0.001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603409
10HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, HbA1c improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, HbA1c improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c improvement
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly greater with semaglutide (p < 0.001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603410
11HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, fasting insulin improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, fasting insulin improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFasting insulin improvement
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly greater with semaglutide (p < 0.001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603411
12HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, CRP improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, the inflammation marker CRP improved more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseC-reactive protein improvement
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly greater with semaglutide (p < 0.001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603412
13HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, total fat mass fell more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, body fat fell more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTotal fat mass change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Total fat mass change, semaglutide
−7.3 kg
semaglutide
Total fat mass change, control
−1.74 kg
control
Source sentences
Summary
Total fat mass decreased by 7.3 kg vs. 1.74 kg (p < 0.0001) in controls
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603413
14HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, visceral fat ratings fell more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle modification alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with overweight or obesity and no diabetes, belly (visceral) fat ratings fell more with oral semaglutide than with lifestyle changes alone.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseVisceral fat rating change
Study
n = 116
Comparator
Lifestyle modification alone (diet and activity counselling)
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg/day titrated to 14 mg/day · oral · 28 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Visceral fat rating change, semaglutide
−3.67 points
semaglutide
Visceral fat rating change, control
−0.6 points
control
Source sentences
Summary
while visceral fat ratings dropped by 3.67 vs. 0.6 (p < 0.0001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Adults (≥ 18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities (pre-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease) were randomized into two groups.
Summary · context
Total 116 participants (58 per group) completed the study.
Report a problemFND-4106603414

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

Status unknownPhase 4NCT05442450

Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide in Overweight or Obesity

Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Indian = 11610 Jul 2022 to est. 30 Jun 2023

Obesity · Weight Loss

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 20 Jul 2022

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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