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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2025

3 results

Systemic and gut microbiome changes with metformin and liraglutide in youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the MIGHTY study.

Glaros SB, Mishra SP, Jain S, Davis FS, Gabel SA, Mueller GA, Jarmusch AK, Mabundo L, Courville AB, Walter MF, Walter PJ, Overdahl KE, Yadav H, Chung ST

Gut microbes29 Sept 2025Cited by 21 (Europe PMC)

PMID41020378 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12482426 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1080/19490976.2025.2558071 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-41020378
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Summary

Metformin (Met) and liraglutide (Lira) are preferred diabetes therapies that may improve glycemia by modulating the gut microbiome, but the mechanisms and pathways are unknown and few data exist in youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D). In a 3-month parallel clinical trial in African American Y-T2D randomized to Met (n = 14) or Met+Lira (n = 11), we compared gut microbial composition and metabolomic profiles and determined the relationship of changes in microbial abundance with glycemia and plasma metabolites. After 3 months, Met was associated with greater relative abundance of Eubacterium and Eubacterium rectale and lower Bacteroides ovates (p < 0.05). Met+Lira was associated with greater Bacteroides fragilis and lower Streptococcus thermophilus (p < 0.05). Met group had increased (>1.5-fold) plasma cholic secondary bile acids (sulfochenodeoxycholic acid, nutriacholic acid, alpha-muricholic acid, and C24 dihydroxy bile acid; p ≤ 0.002). The change in nutriacholic acid correlated with lower fasting glucose (r = -0.7, p < 0.05). Shifts in microbiota taxa were not associated with plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), hemoglobin A1c or glucose. Short-term Met and Met+Lira in Y-T2D were related to distinct shifts toward bile acid and SCFA-producing gut microbiota taxa, and secondary bile acid metabolites correlated with improved glycemia, suggesting bile acid pathways may be important modulators of glycemia in youth on metformin.Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT02960659.
CC0Text from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  1. 01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In African American youth with type 2 diabetes, 3 months of metformin plus liraglutide was associated with greater relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis.

    In plain wordsIn youth with type 2 diabetes, 3 months of metformin plus liraglutide was linked to more Bacteroides fragilis gut bacteria.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGut Bacteroides fragilis abundance
    Study

    n = 11

    Outcome group
    Gut microbiota · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Met+Lira was associated with greater Bacteroides fragilis and lower Streptococcus thermophilus (p < 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a 3-month parallel clinical trial in African American Y-T2D randomized to Met (n = 14) or Met+Lira (n = 11), we compared gut microbial composition and metabolomic profiles and determined the relationship of changes in microbial abundance with glycemia and plasma metabolites.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 02HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In African American youth with type 2 diabetes, 3 months of metformin plus liraglutide was associated with lower relative abundance of Streptococcus thermophilus.

    In plain wordsIn youth with type 2 diabetes, 3 months of metformin plus liraglutide was linked to less Streptococcus thermophilus gut bacteria.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseGut Streptococcus thermophilus abundance
    Study

    n = 11

    Outcome group
    Gut microbiota · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Met+Lira was associated with greater Bacteroides fragilis and lower Streptococcus thermophilus (p < 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a 3-month parallel clinical trial in African American Y-T2D randomized to Met (n = 14) or Met+Lira (n = 11), we compared gut microbial composition and metabolomic profiles and determined the relationship of changes in microbial abundance with glycemia and plasma metabolites.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  3. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In African American youth with type 2 diabetes on metformin or metformin plus liraglutide, shifts in microbiota taxa were not associated with plasma short-chain fatty acids, HbA1c or glucose.

    In plain wordsIn youth with type 2 diabetes on metformin or metformin plus liraglutide, gut bacteria shifts were not linked to short-chain fatty acids, HbA1c or glucose.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeAssociation of microbiota shifts with SCFA, HbA1c and glucose
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gut microbiota · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Shifts in microbiota taxa were not associated with plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), hemoglobin A1c or glucose.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a 3-month parallel clinical trial in African American Y-T2D randomized to Met (n = 14) or Met+Lira (n = 11), we compared gut microbial composition and metabolomic profiles and determined the relationship of changes in microbial abundance with glycemia and plasma metabolites.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 1/2Results postedNCT02960659

Title: Therapeutic Targets in African-American Youth With Type 2 Diabetes

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)n = 249 May 2017 to 20 May 2022

Type 2 Diabetes

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 1 Aug 2023

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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