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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 4,769 · 2025

4 results

Differences in Prevalence and Incidence of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Among Randomized Glucose-Lowering Treatments in Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) Cohort.

Pop-Busui R, Rosin SP, Butera NM, Krause-Steinrauf H, Abou Assi H, Garg RK, Inzucchi SE, Katona A, McGill JB, Mudaliar S, Schade DS, Seaquist ER, Tiktin M, Soliman EZ, Green JB

Diabetes care1 Nov 2025

PMID40986645 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12583396 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.2337/dc25-1087 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-40986645
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. 3 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with early type 2 diabetes taking metformin, major ECG abnormalities were fewer at year 4 in the liraglutide group than in the non-liraglutide groups (9% vs. 13%).

    In plain wordsIn adults with early type 2 diabetes, fewer people had major ECG abnormalities at year 4 with liraglutide than with the other drugs.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseMajor ECG abnormalities at year 4
    Study

    n = 4,769

    Comparator
    Nonliraglutide groups
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Major ECG abnormalities
    9%
    liraglutide, year 4
    Major ECG abnormalities
    13%
    nonliraglutide groups, year 4

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, at year 4, major ECG abnormalities were fewer in the liraglutide versus nonliraglutide groups (9% vs. 13%; P = 0.03).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Individuals with T2D taking metformin alone were randomly assigned to add insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin.
    Summary · context
    Resting ECGs were completed at the baseline, 2-year, and 4-year study visits and analyzed for minor and major abnormalities and CAN assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) in 4,769 participants.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with early type 2 diabetes taking metformin, the incidence of ECG-derived CAN did not differ between the liraglutide and non-liraglutide groups.

    In plain wordsIn adults with early type 2 diabetes, nerve-related heart rhythm problems occurred at a similar rate with liraglutide and with the other drugs.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeIncidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN)
    Study

    n = 4,769

    Comparator
    Nonliraglutide groups
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incidence of CAN did not differ between the liraglutide and nonliraglutide groups across visits (P = 0.42)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Individuals with T2D taking metformin alone were randomly assigned to add insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin.
    Summary · context
    Resting ECGs were completed at the baseline, 2-year, and 4-year study visits and analyzed for minor and major abnormalities and CAN assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) in 4,769 participants.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with early type 2 diabetes taking metformin, one heart rate variability measure (SD of normal-to-normal R-R intervals) was higher at year 2 with liraglutide than in the non-liraglutide groups.

    In plain wordsIn adults with early type 2 diabetes, one heart rate variability measure was higher at year 2 with liraglutide than with the other drugs.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseSD of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (HRV) at year 2
    Study

    n = 4,769

    Comparator
    Nonliraglutide groups
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    one measure of HRV (SD of normal-to-normal R-R intervals) was higher at year 2 in the liraglutide versus nonliraglutide groups (P = 0.02).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Individuals with T2D taking metformin alone were randomly assigned to add insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin.
    Summary · context
    Resting ECGs were completed at the baseline, 2-year, and 4-year study visits and analyzed for minor and major abnormalities and CAN assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) in 4,769 participants.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  1. 04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with early type 2 diabetes taking metformin, the incidence of minor and major ECG abnormalities was similar among all four treatment groups.

    In plain wordsIn adults with early type 2 diabetes, new ECG abnormalities occurred at a similar rate in all four treatment groups.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeIncidence of minor and major ECG abnormalities
    Study

    n = 4,769

    Comparator
    Insulin glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The incidence of minor and major ECG abnormalities was similar among all treatment groups.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Individuals with T2D taking metformin alone were randomly assigned to add insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin.
    Summary · context
    Resting ECGs were completed at the baseline, 2-year, and 4-year study visits and analyzed for minor and major abnormalities and CAN assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) in 4,769 participants.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01794143

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GRADE Study Groupn = 7,850May 2013 to 30 Apr 2021

Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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