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Study · Randomized controlled trial · 2025

2 results

Dapagliflozin restores odour-induced functional integration of primary olfactory cortex circuit but not olfactory-related regional brain activation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 16-week randomised comparative study.

Li X, Zhang Y, Bi Y, Lu J, Zhang Z, Ji C, Zhang X, Li Q, Wang S, Chen J, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Zhang B

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism15 Sept 2025Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study2

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In T2D inadequately controlled with metformin, liraglutide reportedly did not restore the odour-induced POC-sensorimotor-middle temporal circuit after 16 weeks; no significance test or formal drug-superiority contrast was stated.

    In plain wordsIn T2D inadequately controlled with metformin, liraglutide reportedly did not restore olfactory-circuit integration after 16 weeks; an exact comparative significance test was unstated.

    Outcome
    Direction not reportedOdour-induced functional integration of the POC circuit
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After 16 weeks, dapagliflozin restored odour-induced functional integration of the POC-sensorimotor cortex-middle temporal cortex circuit (Gaussian random field correction applied), whereas liraglutide and acarbose did not.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The 16-week randomised, prospective, parallel-group, and open-label trial included 36 patients with T2D inadequately controlled with metformin, who were randomised (1:1:1) to receive dapagliflozin, liraglutide or acarbose.
    Summary · context
    Meanwhile, 36 healthy controls were recruited.
    Summary · context
    All participants underwent olfactory task functional magnetic resonance imaging, along with a battery of olfactory and cognitive tests, both at baseline and postintervention.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In T2D inadequately controlled with metformin, liraglutide enhanced odour-induced left-hippocampus activation; this arm-specific response was not observed with dapagliflozin or acarbose, without a stated formal between-arm superiority test.

    In plain wordsIn T2D inadequately controlled with metformin, liraglutide enhanced left-hippocampus activation; the source did not state a formal between-arm superiority test.

    Outcome
    IncreaseOdour-induced activation in the left hippocampus
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In contrast, liraglutide enhanced odour-induced activation in the left hippocampus, which was not observed with dapagliflozin and acarbose.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The 16-week randomised, prospective, parallel-group, and open-label trial included 36 patients with T2D inadequately controlled with metformin, who were randomised (1:1:1) to receive dapagliflozin, liraglutide or acarbose.
    Summary · context
    Meanwhile, 36 healthy controls were recruited.
    Summary · context
    All participants underwent olfactory task functional magnetic resonance imaging, along with a battery of olfactory and cognitive tests, both at baseline and postintervention.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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