Mechanistic study of the Tβ4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution.

Jin Z, Li H, Li J, Chang Y, Piao Z, Jin Q, Jin T

Cellular signalling3 Sept 2025

PMID40912522DOI10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.112111PepBankPUB-40912522

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
Tβ4 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues.
In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 was higher in breast cancer tissue.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTβ4 expression in breast cancer tissue
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In this study, we identified that Tβ4 is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and its high expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-4091252201
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
High Tβ4 expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer.
In plain wordsHigh levels of the body's own Tβ4 were linked to poorer outcomes in breast cancer.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableTβ4 expression and clinical outcome
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In this study, we identified that Tβ4 is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and its high expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-4091252203
03LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other
Tβ4 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer cell lines.
In plain wordsIn cells, the body's own Tβ4 was higher in breast cancer cell lines.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTβ4 expression in breast cancer cell lines
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In this study, we identified that Tβ4 is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and its high expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-4091252202

Studies that did not test the peptide alone11

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In vivo, silencing SLC7A11 abrogated the oncogenic effects of Tβ4.
In plain wordsIn animals, switching off SLC7A11 removed the cancer-promoting effects of Tβ4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseOncogenic effects of Tβ4 after SLC7A11 silencing (in vivo)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Rescue experiments further demonstrated that silencing SLC7A11 abrogates the oncogenic effects of Tβ4 both in vitro and in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252214
05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 made breast cancer cells multiply more.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseBreast cancer cell proliferation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, Tβ4 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252204
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 promoted breast cancer cell migration.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 made breast cancer cells move more.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseBreast cancer cell migration
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, Tβ4 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252205
07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 pushed breast cancer cells toward a more mobile cell state.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, Tβ4 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252206
08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 promoted angiogenesis in breast cancer models.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 promoted the growth of new blood vessels linked to breast cancer.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAngiogenesis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, Tβ4 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252207
09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 inhibited apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 reduced the death of breast cancer cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseApoptosis of breast cancer cells
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Functionally, Tβ4 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252208
10LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 directly regulated the expression of SLC7A11, a cystine/glutamate antiporter.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 raised the activity of SLC7A11, a protein that moves cystine into cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseSLC7A11 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mechanistically, Tβ4 directly regulates the expression of SLC7A11, a key cystine/glutamate antiporter, thereby enhancing glutathione biosynthesis and suppressing lipid peroxidation to inhibit ferroptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252209
11LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 enhanced glutathione biosynthesis through SLC7A11.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 increased the making of glutathione, an antioxidant.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseGlutathione biosynthesis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mechanistically, Tβ4 directly regulates the expression of SLC7A11, a key cystine/glutamate antiporter, thereby enhancing glutathione biosynthesis and suppressing lipid peroxidation to inhibit ferroptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252210
12LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 suppressed lipid peroxidation in breast cancer cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 reduced fat damage by oxidation in breast cancer cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseLipid peroxidation
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mechanistically, Tβ4 directly regulates the expression of SLC7A11, a key cystine/glutamate antiporter, thereby enhancing glutathione biosynthesis and suppressing lipid peroxidation to inhibit ferroptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252211
13LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 inhibited ferroptosis in breast cancer cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, Tβ4 reduced a form of cell death called ferroptosis in breast cancer cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseFerroptosis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Mechanistically, Tβ4 directly regulates the expression of SLC7A11, a key cystine/glutamate antiporter, thereby enhancing glutathione biosynthesis and suppressing lipid peroxidation to inhibit ferroptosis.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252212
14LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In vitro, silencing SLC7A11 abrogated the oncogenic effects of Tβ4.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off SLC7A11 removed the cancer-promoting effects of Tβ4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseOncogenic effects of Tβ4 after SLC7A11 silencing (in vitro)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Rescue experiments further demonstrated that silencing SLC7A11 abrogates the oncogenic effects of Tβ4 both in vitro and in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-4091252213

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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