Combined liraglutide and metformin therapy in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ling J, Wang T, Huang W, Zhen Y, Zhang M, Fang X, Song W, Du X

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism26 Aug 2025Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID40855964PMCIDPMC12515772DOI10.1111/dom.70028PepBankPUB-40855964

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Summary

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Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study21

19 results from studies that gave the peptide. 19 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered fasting glucose versus metformin alone (reported difference -1.92, 95% CI -2.43 to -1.41; I2=95%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered fasting glucose versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFasting plasma glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−1.92
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−2.43 to −1.41
reported native contrast
I2
95%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596401
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered post-meal glucose versus metformin alone (reported difference -2.87, 95% CI -3.7 to -2.05; I2=97%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered post-meal glucose versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Decrease2-hour postprandial glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−2.87
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−3.7 to −2.05
reported native contrast
I2
97%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
2-h postprandial glucose (-2.87, [-3.70, -2.05]; 97%)
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596402
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered HbA1c versus metformin alone (reported difference -2.91, 95% CI -3.84 to -1.98; I2=96%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered HbA1c versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−2.91
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−3.84 to −1.98
reported native contrast
I2
96%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
HbA1c (-2.91, [-3.84, -1.98]; 96%)
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596403
04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered insulin resistance versus metformin alone (reported difference -2.29, 95% CI -2.98 to -1.6; I2=97%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered insulin resistance versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHOMA-IR
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−2.29
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−2.98 to −1.6
reported native contrast
I2
97%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
HOMA-IR (-2.29, [-2.98, -1.60]; 97%)
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596404
05HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered fasting insulin versus metformin alone (reported difference -0.75, 95% CI -1.41 to -0.09; I2=94%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered fasting insulin versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFasting insulin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−0.75
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−1.41 to −0.09
reported native contrast
I2
94%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
fasting insulin (-0.75, [-1.41, -0.09]; 94%)
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596405
06HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered BMI versus metformin alone (reported difference -1.64, 95% CI -2.38 to -0.89; I2=97%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered BMI versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody mass index
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−1.64
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−2.38 to −0.89
reported native contrast
I2
97%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
BMI was also significantly reduced (-1.64, [-2.38, -0.89]; 97%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596406
07HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered luteinising hormone versus metformin alone (reported difference -1.48, 95% CI -1.83 to -1.14; I2=85%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered luteinising hormone versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLuteinising hormone
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−1.48
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−1.83 to −1.14
reported native contrast
I2
85%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
Hormonal indicators improved, including LH (-1.48, [-1.83, -1.14]; 85%), FSH (-1.17, [-1.62, -0.73]; 92%) and TT (-0.66, [-1.30, -0.03]; 95%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596407
08HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered follicle-stimulating hormone versus metformin alone (reported difference -1.17, 95% CI -1.62 to -0.73; I2=92%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered follicle-stimulating hormone versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseFollicle-stimulating hormone
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−1.17
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−1.62 to −0.73
reported native contrast
I2
92%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
Hormonal indicators improved, including LH (-1.48, [-1.83, -1.14]; 85%), FSH (-1.17, [-1.62, -0.73]; 92%) and TT (-0.66, [-1.30, -0.03]; 95%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596408
09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered testosterone versus metformin alone (reported difference -0.66, 95% CI -1.3 to -0.03; I2=95%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered testosterone versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTotal testosterone
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−0.66
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−1.3 to −0.03
reported native contrast
I2
95%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
Hormonal indicators improved, including LH (-1.48, [-1.83, -1.14]; 85%), FSH (-1.17, [-1.62, -0.73]; 92%) and TT (-0.66, [-1.30, -0.03]; 95%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596409
10HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered total cholesterol versus metformin alone (reported difference -2.34, 95% CI -3.67 to -1.01; I2=98%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered total cholesterol versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTotal cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−2.34
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−3.67 to −1.01
reported native contrast
I2
98%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
In terms of lipid metabolism, reductions were observed in TC (-2.34, [-3.67, -1.01]; 98%), TG (-0.58, [-0.96, -0.21]; 79%) and LDL-C (-0.79, [-1.36, -0.22]; 91%), while HDL-C increased (0.67, [0.21, 1.13]; 83%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596410
11HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered triglycerides versus metformin alone (reported difference -0.58, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.21; I2=79%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered triglycerides versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTriglycerides
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−0.58
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−0.96 to −0.21
reported native contrast
I2
79%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
In terms of lipid metabolism, reductions were observed in TC (-2.34, [-3.67, -1.01]; 98%), TG (-0.58, [-0.96, -0.21]; 79%) and LDL-C (-0.79, [-1.36, -0.22]; 91%), while HDL-C increased (0.67, [0.21, 1.13]; 83%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596411
12HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin lowered LDL cholesterol versus metformin alone (reported difference -0.79, 95% CI -1.36 to -0.22; I2=91%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide lowered LDL cholesterol versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseLDL cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
−0.79
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
−1.36 to −0.22
reported native contrast
I2
91%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
In terms of lipid metabolism, reductions were observed in TC (-2.34, [-3.67, -1.01]; 98%), TG (-0.58, [-0.96, -0.21]; 79%) and LDL-C (-0.79, [-1.36, -0.22]; 91%), while HDL-C increased (0.67, [0.21, 1.13]; 83%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596412
13HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight or obese women with PCOS, liraglutide plus metformin raised HDL cholesterol versus metformin alone (reported difference 0.67, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.13; I2=83%).
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese women with PCOS, adding liraglutide raised HDL cholesterol versus metformin alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseHDL cholesterol
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Metformin alone
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Reported meta-analytic difference
0.67
liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin alone
95% CI
0.21 to 1.13
reported native contrast
I2
83%
heterogeneity of native outcome contrast
Source sentences
Summary
In terms of lipid metabolism, reductions were observed in TC (-2.34, [-3.67, -1.01]; 98%), TG (-0.58, [-0.96, -0.21]; 79%) and LDL-C (-0.79, [-1.36, -0.22]; 91%), while HDL-C increased (0.67, [0.21, 1.13]; 83%).
5 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared to metformin alone, the combination of liraglutide and metformin significantly improved glycaemic metabolism: FPG (standard mean difference = -1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.43, -1.41]; I² = 95%)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI
Summary · context
sex hormones (luteinising hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone [TT]) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]).
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596413
14HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight/obese women with PCOS receiving liraglutide plus metformin, longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks) was associated with greater insulin resistance improvement; original subgroup reference, coefficient and analyzed N were unstated.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese PCOS women, longer treatment was linked to greater insulin resistance improvement with added liraglutide; the exact reference was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedinsulin resistance benefit association with longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks) and lack of lifestyle intervention were associated with greater improvements in insulin resistance and hormone levels.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596414
15HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight/obese women with PCOS receiving liraglutide plus metformin, longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks) was associated with greater hormone levels improvement; original subgroup reference, coefficient and analyzed N were unstated.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese PCOS women, longer treatment was linked to greater hormone levels improvement with added liraglutide; the exact reference was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedhormone levels benefit association with longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks) and lack of lifestyle intervention were associated with greater improvements in insulin resistance and hormone levels.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596415
16HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight/obese women with PCOS receiving liraglutide plus metformin, lack of lifestyle intervention was associated with greater insulin resistance improvement; original subgroup reference, coefficient and analyzed N were unstated.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese PCOS women, no lifestyle intervention was linked to greater insulin resistance improvement with added liraglutide; the exact reference was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedinsulin resistance benefit association with lack of lifestyle intervention
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks) and lack of lifestyle intervention were associated with greater improvements in insulin resistance and hormone levels.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596416
17HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight/obese women with PCOS receiving liraglutide plus metformin, lack of lifestyle intervention was associated with greater hormone levels improvement; original subgroup reference, coefficient and analyzed N were unstated.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese PCOS women, no lifestyle intervention was linked to greater hormone levels improvement with added liraglutide; the exact reference was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedhormone levels benefit association with lack of lifestyle intervention
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Longer treatment duration (≥16 weeks) and lack of lifestyle intervention were associated with greater improvements in insulin resistance and hormone levels.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596417
18HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In overweight/obese PCOS studies comparing liraglutide plus metformin with metformin, lipid outcomes were consistent across subgroups; exact native subgroup effects, references, tests and Ns were unstated.
In plain wordsIn overweight or obese PCOS women, lipid results with added liraglutide were consistent across subgroups; exact subgroup comparisons were unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedLipid-outcome consistency across reported subgroups
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Lipids · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Lipid outcomes were consistent across subgroups, while glycaemic improvements were more notable in overweight versus obese women.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596418
19HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In PCOS studies of liraglutide plus metformin versus metformin, glycaemic improvements were more notable in overweight than obese women; no subgroup-specific coefficient, formal interaction test or N was stated.
In plain wordsIn PCOS studies of added liraglutide, glycaemic improvements were more notable in overweight than obese women; the subgroup estimate was unstated.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedGlycaemic-benefit association with overweight versus obesity
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
obese women
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Lipid outcomes were consistent across subgroups, while glycaemic improvements were more notable in overweight versus obese women.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
Summary · context
Subgroup analyses were conducted by treatment duration, lifestyle intervention and baseline BMI.
Report a problemFND-4085596419

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

20HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In the overweight/obese PCOS synthesis comparing liraglutide plus metformin with metformin, sensitivity analyses supported robustness; the exact omitted-study or model comparison was unstated.
In plain wordsIn the PCOS liraglutide review, sensitivity checks supported robust results; the exact analytical comparison was unspecified.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableSensitivity-analysis robustness of PCOS synthesis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of findings.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4085596420
21HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewOther
In the overweight/obese PCOS synthesis comparing liraglutide plus metformin with metformin, overall evidence certainty was low because of bias risk and heterogeneity; this was an analytical assessment.
In plain wordsIn the PCOS liraglutide review, evidence certainty was low due to bias risk and heterogeneity; this assessed evidence quality.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableLow certainty of evidence in PCOS synthesis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Overall treatment effect · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
However, the overall certainty of evidence was low due to risk of bias and heterogeneity.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, SinoMed and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liraglutide plus metformin to metformin monotherapy in overweight or obese women with PCOS.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-4085596421

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.