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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2025

5 results

Diagnostic relevance of Humanin, GAS5 and miR-21/miR-103 in prostate disease risk stratification.

Coradduzza D, Cruciani S, Sibono L, Tedde A, Zinellu A, Maioli M, Cogoni AA, De Miglio MR, Medici S, Madonia M, Angius A, Grosso M, Carru C

Clinical and experimental medicine6 Aug 2025Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID40768089 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12328530 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s10238-025-01810-z (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-40768089
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Summary

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of circulating mitochondrial-derived peptides, Humanin and MOTS-c, the long non-coding RNA GAS5, and exosomal microRNAs miR-21 and miR-103 in stratifying prostate diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), precancerous lesions (PL), and prostate cancer (PCa). These biomarkers were selected based on their established roles in cellular stress responses, apoptosis regulation, inflammation, and tumor progression. A cohort of 375 male patients suspected of prostate cancer were enrolled. Plasma and exosomal levels of Humanin, MOTS-c, GAS5, miR-21, and miR-103 were measured. Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and decision tree models. Results showed significant downregulation of Humanin and GAS5 in both PL and PCa compared to BPH, supporting their role in early disease transition. Exosomal miR-21 and miR-103 were significantly upregulated in PCa, with miR-21 exhibiting outstanding discriminative power between BPH and PL (AUC = 1.000) and between PL and PCa (AUC = 0.9932). MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, displayed elevated levels in PL compared to BPH, suggesting its involvement in early malignant transformation. A plasma-only diagnostic model combining Humanin, GAS5, and MOTS-c reached 95% cross-validated classification accuracy across clinical groups. Combination of circulating Humanin, MOTS-c, GAS5, and exosomal miRNAs provides a promising non-invasive biomarker panel for risk stratification in prostate diseases. This integrated molecular approach may enhance diagnostic precision and guide personalized clinical decision-making in prostate cancer management.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In men suspected of prostate cancer, the body's own humanin was significantly lower in precancerous lesions than in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

    In plain wordsIn men suspected of prostate cancer, natural humanin levels were lower with precancerous lesions than with benign prostate enlargement.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHumanin level in precancerous lesions versus BPH
    Study

    n = 375

    Comparator
    Benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Results showed significant downregulation of Humanin and GAS5 in both PL and PCa compared to BPH, supporting their role in early disease transition.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A cohort of 375 male patients suspected of prostate cancer were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    Plasma and exosomal levels of Humanin, MOTS-c, GAS5, miR-21, and miR-103 were measured.

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In men suspected of prostate cancer, the body's own humanin was significantly lower in prostate cancer than in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

    In plain wordsIn men suspected of prostate cancer, natural humanin levels were lower with prostate cancer than with benign prostate enlargement.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHumanin level in prostate cancer versus BPH
    Study

    n = 375

    Comparator
    Benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Results showed significant downregulation of Humanin and GAS5 in both PL and PCa compared to BPH, supporting their role in early disease transition.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A cohort of 375 male patients suspected of prostate cancer were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    Plasma and exosomal levels of Humanin, MOTS-c, GAS5, miR-21, and miR-103 were measured.

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    A plasma-only model combining humanin, GAS5 and MOTS-c reached 95% cross-validated classification accuracy across clinical groups.

    In plain wordsA blood test model using natural humanin, GAS5 and MOTS-c levels sorted prostate disease groups with 95% accuracy in cross-validation.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    Not applicablePlasma diagnostic model combining humanin, GAS5 and MOTS-c
    Study

    n = 375

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Cancer

    Measurements

    Cross-validated classification accuracy
    95%
    plasma model of humanin, GAS5 and MOTS-c

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A plasma-only diagnostic model combining Humanin, GAS5, and MOTS-c reached 95% cross-validated classification accuracy across clinical groups.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A cohort of 375 male patients suspected of prostate cancer were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    Plasma and exosomal levels of Humanin, MOTS-c, GAS5, miR-21, and miR-103 were measured.

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In men suspected of prostate cancer, MOTS‑c levels were elevated in precancerous lesions compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

    In plain wordsIn men with possible prostate cancer, the body's own MOTS‑c levels were higher in precancerous lesions than in benign enlargement.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    IncreasePlasma MOTS-c in precancerous lesions versus BPH
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, displayed elevated levels in PL compared to BPH, suggesting its involvement in early malignant transformation.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A cohort of 375 male patients suspected of prostate cancer were enrolled.

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, MOTS-c was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking MOTS-c.

  1. 05HumanNot a test of MOTS-c aloneObservational studyOther

    In men suspected of prostate cancer, a plasma model combining Humanin, GAS5 and MOTS‑c reached 95% cross-validated classification accuracy across clinical groups.

    In plain wordsIn men with possible prostate cancer, a blood test panel of three markers, including the body's own MOTS‑c, sorted clinical groups with 95% accuracy.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    Not applicableDiagnostic accuracy of plasma panel of Humanin, GAS5 and MOTS-c
    Study

    n = 375

    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A plasma-only diagnostic model combining Humanin, GAS5, and MOTS-c reached 95% cross-validated classification accuracy across clinical groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A cohort of 375 male patients suspected of prostate cancer were enrolled.

    In this study, MOTS-c was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking MOTS-c.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 18Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC

    The same notice was added 15 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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