Comparison of Semaglutide or Dulaglutide Versus Empagliflozin for Risk for Death and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : Two Target Trial Emulation Studies.

Saeed A, Mulukutla SR, Thoma F, Lemon L, Koczo A, Reis S, Marroquin O, Kip K

Annals of internal medicine17 Jun 2025Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID40523289DOI10.7326/annals-24-00775PepBankPUB-40523289

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In propensity-matched adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide and empagliflozin did not differ significantly in the composite of death, MI or stroke (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.02).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users and empagliflozin users did not differ clearly in death, heart attack or stroke combined.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeComposite of death, myocardial infarction or stroke
Study
n = 15,798
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.89 HR
semaglutide versus empagliflozin
Source sentences
Summary
Corresponding incidence rates for the composite outcome were 20.99 versus 23.56 per 1000 person-years, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.02).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
the respective rates of the composite of death, MI, or stroke were 3.7% versus 4.5% at 2 years and 5.9% versus 6.9% at 3 years.
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328901
02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, dulaglutide use was linked to similar risk of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke compared with empagliflozin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, dulaglutide and empagliflozin showed similar combined risks of death, heart attack, or stroke.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeDeath, myocardial infarction, or stroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.03 ratio
dulaglutide versus empagliflozin
95% CI of hazard ratio
0.9 to 1.16 ratio
dulaglutide versus empagliflozin
Source sentences
Summary
Risks for dulaglutide- and empagliflozin-treated patients were similar for the composite outcome (HR, 1.03 [CI, 0.90 to 1.16]) and for death, MI, and stroke separately.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328905
03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In propensity-matched adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide and empagliflozin did not differ significantly in myocardial infarction (HR 0.85; CI 0.68 to 1.05).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users and empagliflozin users did not differ clearly in risk of heart attack.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeMyocardial infarction
Study
n = 15,798
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.85 HR
MI, semaglutide versus empagliflozin
Source sentences
Summary
0.85 (CI, 0.68 to 1.05) for MI
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328903
04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In propensity-matched adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide and empagliflozin did not differ significantly in death (HR 0.97; CI 0.81 to 1.15).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide users and empagliflozin users did not differ clearly in risk of death.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDeath
Study
n = 15,798
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.97 HR
death, semaglutide versus empagliflozin
Source sentences
Summary
The HRs for the individual outcomes were 0.97 (CI, 0.81 to 1.15) for death
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328902
05HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In propensity-matched adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was associated with a lower risk of stroke than empagliflozin (HR 0.62; CI 0.43 to 0.89).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide use was linked to a lower risk of stroke than empagliflozin use.
Peptide
Semaglutide
Outcome
DecreaseStroke
Study
n = 15,798
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.62 HR
stroke, semaglutide versus empagliflozin
Source sentences
Summary
0.62 (CI, 0.43 to 0.89) for stroke.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328904
06HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, dulaglutide use was linked to similar mortality compared with empagliflozin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, dulaglutide and empagliflozin showed similar risks of death.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeDeath
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Risks for dulaglutide- and empagliflozin-treated patients were similar for the composite outcome (HR, 1.03 [CI, 0.90 to 1.16]) and for death, MI, and stroke separately.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328906
07HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, dulaglutide use was linked to similar myocardial infarction risk compared with empagliflozin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, dulaglutide and empagliflozin showed similar heart attack risks.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeMyocardial infarction
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Risks for dulaglutide- and empagliflozin-treated patients were similar for the composite outcome (HR, 1.03 [CI, 0.90 to 1.16]) and for death, MI, and stroke separately.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328907
08HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, dulaglutide use was linked to similar stroke risk compared with empagliflozin.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, dulaglutide and empagliflozin showed similar stroke risks.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeStroke
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Empagliflozin
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Risks for dulaglutide- and empagliflozin-treated patients were similar for the composite outcome (HR, 1.03 [CI, 0.90 to 1.16]) and for death, MI, and stroke separately.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Target trial emulation studies from observational data comparing semaglutide- or dulaglutide-treated patients with propensity score-matched patients treated with empagliflozin.
Summary · context
Patients aged 45 years or older with type 2 diabetes treated from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2024 with semaglutide, dulaglutide, or empagliflozin.
Report a problemFND-4052328908

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 4 to 9Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
The same notice was added 6 times, first on 22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 3
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 2
11 Oct 2026, 00:04 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Comparison of Semaglutide or Dulaglutide Versus Empagliflozin for Risk for Death and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : Two Target Trial Emulation Studies.

Summary

Results from this study8

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms