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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2025

8 results

Secreted Expression of Thymosin β4 from Pinctada fucata in Pichia pastoris and Its Biological Activity.

Liu P, Mo X, Liu J, Li W, Tang J, Li Q, Lin J

Biology15 May 2025Cited by 3 (Europe PMC)

PMID40427742 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC12108687 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/biology14050553 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-40427742
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Summary

The aim of this study was to achieve the high secretion and expression of thymosin β4 derived from Pinctada fucata in Pichia pastoris, as well as to investigate its antibacterial properties and biological effects in promoting wound healing. The recombinant thymosin β4 protein (rTβ4) exhibited no hemolytic activity on rabbit red blood cells and demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL. It effectively inhibited bacterial growth and disrupted the cell wall and membrane structure of the bacteria. In the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat wound healing model, the wound healing rate in the rTβ4 treatment groups (at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the healing effect was comparable to that of the positive control group (Kangfu Xin solution, KFX). The histopathological study demonstrated that rTβ4 could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and promote the proliferation and re-epithelialization of granulation tissue. In conclusion, this study successfully achieved the high expression of thymosin β4 derived from Pinctada fucata in Pichia pastoris and validated its antibacterial and wound healing potential through both In vitro and In vivo experiments.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In Sprague Dawley rats with wounds, the wound healing rate in the groups treated with recombinant Pinctada fucata thymosin beta‑4 (rTβ4, 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) was significantly higher than in the control group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, wounds treated with a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters healed faster than wounds in the control group.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseWound healing rate
    Study

    rat (Sprague Dawley)n: not reported in source

    SD rat wound healing model
    Comparator
    Control group
    Outcome group
    Wound healing · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat wound healing model, the wound healing rate in the rTβ4 treatment groups (at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the healing effect was comparable to that of the positive control group (Kangfu Xin solution, KFX).

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In Sprague Dawley rats with wounds, the healing effect of recombinant Pinctada fucata thymosin beta‑4 (rTβ4) was comparable to that of the positive control, Kangfu Xin solution.

    In plain wordsIn rats, wounds treated with a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters healed about as well as wounds treated with Kangfu Xin solution.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeWound healing rate versus positive control (KFX)
    Study

    rat (Sprague Dawley)n: not reported in source

    SD rat wound healing model
    Comparator
    Kangfu Xin solution (KFX)
    Outcome group
    Wound healing · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat wound healing model, the wound healing rate in the rTβ4 treatment groups (at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the healing effect was comparable to that of the positive control group (Kangfu Xin solution, KFX).

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  3. 03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rat wounds, histopathology showed that recombinant Pinctada fucata thymosin beta‑4 (rTβ4) reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells.

    In plain wordsIn rats, wounds treated with a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters showed fewer inflammatory cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseInflammatory cell infiltration in wound tissue
    Study

    rat (Sprague Dawley)n: not reported in source

    SD rat wound healing model
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The histopathological study demonstrated that rTβ4 could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and promote the proliferation and re-epithelialization of granulation tissue.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  4. 04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rat wounds, histopathology showed that recombinant Pinctada fucata thymosin beta‑4 (rTβ4) promoted the proliferation and re-epithelialization of granulation tissue.

    In plain wordsIn rats, a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters helped new tissue grow and the skin surface close over wounds.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseGranulation tissue proliferation and re-epithelialization
    Study

    rat (Sprague Dawley)n: not reported in source

    SD rat wound healing model
    Outcome group
    Wound healing · Skin and wound

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The histopathological study demonstrated that rTβ4 could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and promote the proliferation and re-epithelialization of granulation tissue.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  5. 05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneEx vivo tissueSafety outcome

    The recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (rTβ4), made in Pichia pastoris, showed no hemolytic activity on rabbit red blood cells.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters did not break down rabbit red blood cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeHemolytic activity
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    rabbit red blood cells
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    exhibited no hemolytic activity on rabbit red blood cells

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  6. 06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    The recombinant Pinctada fucata thymosin beta‑4 (rTβ4) showed significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with an MIC of 25 μg/mL.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters stopped MRSA bacteria from growing at 25 μg/mL.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableAntibacterial activity against MRSA (MIC)
    Study

    Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)n: not reported in source

    methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Measurements

    MIC
    25 μg/mL
    MRSA

    Source sentences

    Summary
    demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/mL.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  7. 07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    The recombinant Pinctada fucata thymosin beta‑4 (rTβ4) effectively inhibited bacterial growth.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters slowed the growth of bacteria.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBacterial growth inhibition
    Study

    Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)n: not reported in source

    methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    It effectively inhibited bacterial growth and disrupted the cell wall and membrane structure of the bacteria.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  8. 08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    The recombinant Pinctada fucata thymosin beta‑4 (rTβ4) disrupted the cell wall and membrane structure of the bacteria.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a recombinant thymosin beta‑4 from pearl oysters damaged the outer layers of the bacteria.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableBacterial cell wall and membrane damage
    Study

    Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)n: not reported in source

    methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    It effectively inhibited bacterial growth and disrupted the cell wall and membrane structure of the bacteria.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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