A Caspase-3 responsive nanoemulsion for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through dual modulation of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Zhang J, Shi X, Wu Z

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces11 Mar 2025Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID40090172DOI10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114629PepBankPUB-40090172

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

01AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mouse arthritis models, the rapamycin-SS31 conjugate nanoemulsion RS31@NEs reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines.
In plain wordsIn mice with arthritis, a nanoemulsion with a rapamycin-SS31 conjugate lowered inflammatory cytokines. The effect is for the whole product.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreasePro-inflammatory cytokines
Study
mousen: not reported in source
zymosan-induced and collagen-induced arthritis models
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo studies using zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models demonstrated that RS31@NEs effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitigated oxidative stress, and improved immune modulation by enhancing regulatory T and B cell functions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The rapamycin-SS31 conjugate (RS31) is encapsulated within a nanoemulsion (RS31@NEs) designed to selectively release its components in response to elevated Caspase-3 levels, prevalent in inflamed joints.
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4009017201
02AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mouse arthritis models, the rapamycin-SS31 conjugate nanoemulsion RS31@NEs mitigated oxidative stress.
In plain wordsIn mice with arthritis, a nanoemulsion with a rapamycin-SS31 conjugate eased oxidative stress. The effect is for the whole product.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseOxidative stress
Study
mousen: not reported in source
zymosan-induced and collagen-induced arthritis models
Outcome group
Oxidative stress · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo studies using zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models demonstrated that RS31@NEs effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitigated oxidative stress, and improved immune modulation by enhancing regulatory T and B cell functions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The rapamycin-SS31 conjugate (RS31) is encapsulated within a nanoemulsion (RS31@NEs) designed to selectively release its components in response to elevated Caspase-3 levels, prevalent in inflamed joints.
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4009017202
03AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mouse arthritis models, the rapamycin-SS31 conjugate nanoemulsion RS31@NEs improved immune modulation by enhancing regulatory T and B cell functions.
In plain wordsIn mice with arthritis, a nanoemulsion with a rapamycin-SS31 conjugate improved regulatory immune cell functions. The effect is for the whole product.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseRegulatory T and B cell functions
Study
mousen: not reported in source
zymosan-induced and collagen-induced arthritis models
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro and in vivo studies using zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models demonstrated that RS31@NEs effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitigated oxidative stress, and improved immune modulation by enhancing regulatory T and B cell functions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The rapamycin-SS31 conjugate (RS31) is encapsulated within a nanoemulsion (RS31@NEs) designed to selectively release its components in response to elevated Caspase-3 levels, prevalent in inflamed joints.
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-4009017203

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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