Injectable polypeptide/chitosan hydrogel with loaded stem cells and rapid gelation promoting angiogenesis for diabetic wound healing.

Xing C, Hou L, Sun C, Chen H, Li Y, Li L, Wu Y, Li L, An H, Wen Y, Du H

International journal of biological macromolecules27 Feb 2025Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID40023432DOI10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141578PepBankPUB-40023432

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

Diabetic wounds face challenges like infection, prolonged inflammation, and poor vascularization. To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7). Glutaraldehyde (GA) was used to enhance crosslinking between CS, creating the CP7 hydrogel. The hydrogel showed rapid gelation, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial effects. Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7. This complex promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation, aiding angiogenesis, and induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, exerting anti-inflammatory effects. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse wounds, SHED@CP7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % wound closure, increased collagen deposition, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression by approximately 75 % and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by around 81 %. It also increased Interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression by approximately 58 %, modulating the inflammatory microenvironment for regeneration. Moreover, SHED@CP7 enhanced angiogenesis, as shown by a 69 % increase in endothelial cell marker CD31 staining, supporting faster wound healing. These results highlight the potential of SHED@CP7 as an effective treatment for diabetic wounds.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study13

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone13

In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.

01AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % closure.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 improved healing with over 95 % wound closure.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
IncreaseWound closure
Study
micen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Measurements
Wound closure
> 95%
SHED@CP7
Source sentences
Summary
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse wounds, SHED@CP7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % wound closure, increased collagen deposition, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression by approximately 75 % and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by around 81 %.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343206
02AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 increased collagen deposition.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 increased collagen deposition.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
IncreaseCollagen deposition
Study
micen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse wounds, SHED@CP7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % wound closure, increased collagen deposition, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression by approximately 75 % and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by around 81 %.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343207
03AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 reduced TNF-α expression by approximately 75 %.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 reduced TNF-α expression by approximately 75 %.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
DecreaseTNF-alpha expression
Study
micen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
TNF-α expression reduction
≈ 75%
SHED@CP7
Source sentences
Summary
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse wounds, SHED@CP7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % wound closure, increased collagen deposition, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression by approximately 75 % and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by around 81 %.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343208
04AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 reduced IL-6 expression by around 81 %.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 reduced IL-6 expression by around 81 %.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
DecreaseIL-6 expression
Study
micen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
IL-6 expression reduction
≈ 81%
SHED@CP7
Source sentences
Summary
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse wounds, SHED@CP7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % wound closure, increased collagen deposition, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression by approximately 75 % and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by around 81 %.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343209
05AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 increased IL-10 expression by approximately 58 %.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 increased IL-10 expression by approximately 58 %.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
IncreaseIL-10 expression
Study
micen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
IL-10 expression increase
≈ 58%
SHED@CP7
Source sentences
Summary
It also increased Interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression by approximately 58 %, modulating the inflammatory microenvironment for regeneration.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse wounds, SHED@CP7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % wound closure, increased collagen deposition, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression by approximately 75 % and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by around 81 %.
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343210
06AnimalNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 enhanced angiogenesis with a 69 % increase in CD31 staining.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetic wounds, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 increased blood vessel formation, with 69 % more CD31 staining.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
IncreaseAngiogenesis assessed by CD31 staining
Study
micen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Measurements
CD31 staining increase
69%
SHED@CP7
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, SHED@CP7 enhanced angiogenesis, as shown by a 69 % increase in endothelial cell marker CD31 staining, supporting faster wound healing.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse wounds, SHED@CP7 significantly improved wound healing with over 95 % wound closure, increased collagen deposition, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression by approximately 75 % and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression by around 81 %.
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343211
07LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In human endothelial cells, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 promoted migration.
In plain wordsIn cells, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 promoted human endothelial cell migration.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
IncreaseHUVEC migration
Study
humann: not reported in source
human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
This complex promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation, aiding angiogenesis, and induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343203
08LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In human endothelial cells, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 promoted tube formation.
In plain wordsIn cells, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 promoted human endothelial cell tube formation.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
IncreaseHUVEC tube formation
Study
humann: not reported in source
human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Outcome group
Wound healing · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
This complex promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation, aiding angiogenesis, and induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343204
09LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In macrophages, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 promoted polarization toward the M2 phenotype.
In plain wordsIn cells, SHED@CP7 containing Pal-7 promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
IncreaseM2 macrophage polarization
Study
n: not reported in source
macrophages
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
This complex promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation, aiding angiogenesis, and induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343205
10LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Activity measurement
In laboratory tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel showed rapid gelation.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel formed a gel rapidly.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
Not applicableHydrogel gelation
Study
n: not reported in source
CP7 hydrogel
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
The hydrogel showed rapid gelation, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Glutaraldehyde (GA) was used to enhance crosslinking between CS, creating the CP7 hydrogel.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343212
11LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Activity measurement
In laboratory tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel showed good mechanical properties.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel showed good mechanical properties.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
Not applicableHydrogel mechanical properties
Study
n: not reported in source
CP7 hydrogel
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
The hydrogel showed rapid gelation, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Glutaraldehyde (GA) was used to enhance crosslinking between CS, creating the CP7 hydrogel.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343213
12LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneOther designSafety outcome
In laboratory tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel showed biocompatibility.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel showed biocompatibility.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
Not applicableBiocompatibility
Study
n: not reported in source
CP7 hydrogel laboratory testing
Outcome group
Adverse events · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
The hydrogel showed rapid gelation, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343201
13LabNot a test of Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 aloneOther designActivity measurement
In laboratory tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel showed strong antibacterial effects.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the Pal-7/chitosan hydrogel showed antibacterial effects.
Peptide
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Outcome
Not applicableAntibacterial effects
Study
n: not reported in source
CP7 hydrogel laboratory testing
Outcome group
Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection
Source sentences
Summary
The hydrogel showed rapid gelation, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial effects.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To address these, we developed an injectable hydrogel for diabetic wound dressing by grafting palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-7) onto chitosan (CS) to form CS/Pal-7 (CP7).
Summary · context
Additionally, stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHED) were loaded into the CP7 hydrogel to form SHED@CP7.
In this study, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-4002343202

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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Journal Article

MeSH terms

Keywords

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