Long term cost-effectiveness analysis of IDegLira in the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients compared to GLP-1RA added to basal insulin after IDegLira entered the national reimbursement drug list in China.

Xiao D, Weng J, Zhang L, Xing C, Wei Y, Chen Y

PloS one6 Feb 2025Cited by 1 (Europe PMC)

PMID39913436PMCIDPMC11801598DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0310497PepBankPUB-39913436

Summary

BackgroundDegludec insulin liraglutide injection is the world's first and only approved basal insulin GLP-1RA injection in China (GLP-1RA stands for Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.MethodsBased on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study. The cost includes glucose-lowering medication, background treatment cost, and complication treatment costs. The prices of IDegLira and GLP-1RA are based on the national medical insurance payment standards. Insulin adopts the national volume-based procurement average price. Other cost and utility data are sourced from published literature. The health outcome indicator is quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The simulation time horizon is 30 years. The discounting rate of cost and health outcomes is 5%.ResultsIn clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen. The eye diseases (background, proliferative retinopathy, macular edema, and visual loss) decreased by 24.4%, 41.1%, 18.9%, and 12.2%, respectively. Neuropathy decreased by 17.3%. Proteinuria and end-stage renal disease decreased by 25.9% and 17.6% respectively. Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial infarction (stroke) decreased by 0.8%, 1.1%, and 4.7%, respectively. In the base-case analysis, IDegLira compared to the combined regimen shows an incremental cost of -34,254 CNY and an incremental QALYs of 0.436. Under the threshold of 1 times the per capita GDP of China in 2022 (85,698 CNY), IDegLira is a dominant scheme with lower cost and better health outcome. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the probability of IDegLira being cost-effective is 100%, indicating that the base-case analysis results are robust.ConclusionCompared with the combined regimen, the use of IDegLira for Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes can improve long-term health output, save medical costs, and is a dominant scheme.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study14

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone14

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

01Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 24.4% decrease in cumulative background retinopathy incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer background retinopathy events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBackground retinopathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Decrease
24.4%
background retinopathy
Source sentences
Summary
The eye diseases (background, proliferative retinopathy, macular edema, and visual loss) decreased by 24.4%, 41.1%, 18.9%, and 12.2%, respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343601
02Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 41.1% decrease in cumulative proliferative retinopathy incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer proliferative retinopathy events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseProliferative retinopathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Decrease
41.1%
proliferative retinopathy
Source sentences
Summary
The eye diseases (background, proliferative retinopathy, macular edema, and visual loss) decreased by 24.4%, 41.1%, 18.9%, and 12.2%, respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343602
03Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 18.9% decrease in cumulative macular edema incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer macular edema events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMacular edema
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Decrease
18.9%
macular edema
Source sentences
Summary
The eye diseases (background, proliferative retinopathy, macular edema, and visual loss) decreased by 24.4%, 41.1%, 18.9%, and 12.2%, respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343603
04Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 12.2% decrease in cumulative visual loss incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer visual loss events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseVisual loss
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Vision and retina · Eye
Measurements
Decrease
12.2%
visual loss
Source sentences
Summary
The eye diseases (background, proliferative retinopathy, macular edema, and visual loss) decreased by 24.4%, 41.1%, 18.9%, and 12.2%, respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343604
05Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 17.3% decrease in cumulative neuropathy incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer neuropathy events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseNeuropathy
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Diabetes complications · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Decrease
17.3%
neuropathy
Source sentences
Summary
Neuropathy decreased by 17.3%.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343605
06Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 25.9% decrease in cumulative proteinuria incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer proteinuria events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseProteinuria
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Decrease
25.9%
proteinuria
Source sentences
Summary
Proteinuria and end-stage renal disease decreased by 25.9% and 17.6% respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343606
07Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 17.6% decrease in cumulative end-stage renal disease incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer end-stage kidney disease events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseEnd-stage renal disease
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Measurements
Decrease
17.6%
end-stage renal disease
Source sentences
Summary
Proteinuria and end-stage renal disease decreased by 25.9% and 17.6% respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343607
08Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 0.8% decrease in cumulative ischemic heart disease incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer ischemic heart disease events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseIschemic heart disease
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Decrease
0.8%
ischemic heart disease
Source sentences
Summary
Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial infarction (stroke) decreased by 0.8%, 1.1%, and 4.7%, respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343608
09Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 1.1% decrease in cumulative heart failure incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer heart failure events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHeart failure
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Decrease
1.1%
heart failure
Source sentences
Summary
Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial infarction (stroke) decreased by 0.8%, 1.1%, and 4.7%, respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343609
10Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) predicted a 4.7% decrease in cumulative myocardial infarction (stroke) incidence versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted fewer myocardial infarction (stroke) events than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarction (stroke)
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Decrease
4.7%
myocardial infarction (stroke)
Source sentences
Summary
Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial infarction (stroke) decreased by 0.8%, 1.1%, and 4.7%, respectively.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In clinical output, IDegLira could reduce the cumulative incidence of various chronic complications in patients compared to the combined regimen.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343610
11Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) had incremental cost -34,254 CNY versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted lower costs than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseIncremental cost
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Cost-effectiveness · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
In the base-case analysis, IDegLira compared to the combined regimen shows an incremental cost of -34,254 CNY and an incremental QALYs of 0.436.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343611
12Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the 30-year Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) gained 0.436 incremental QALYs versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira predicted more quality-adjusted life years than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseIncremental quality-adjusted life years
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Quality of life · Whole body
Measurements
Incremental QALYs
0.436 QALYs
IDegLira versus combined regimen
Source sentences
Summary
In the base-case analysis, IDegLira compared to the combined regimen shows an incremental cost of -34,254 CNY and an incremental QALYs of 0.436.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343612
13Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoEfficacy outcome
In the Chinese T2D model, IDegLira had 100% cost-effectiveness probability versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin under the 85,698 CNY threshold (one times 2022 GDP); this was a probabilistic model estimate.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira had 100% cost-effectiveness probability versus GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment under the stated GDP threshold.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableCost-effectiveness probability
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Cost-effectiveness · Whole body
Measurements
Probability
100%
being cost-effective
Source sentences
Summary
In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the probability of IDegLira being cost-effective is 100%, indicating that the base-case analysis results are robust.
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Under the threshold of 1 times the per capita GDP of China in 2022 (85,698 CNY), IDegLira is a dominant scheme with lower cost and better health outcome.
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343613
14Computer modelNot a test of Liraglutide aloneIn silicoOther
In the Chinese T2D model, IDegLira (insulin degludec plus liraglutide) was dominant versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin under the 85,698 CNY threshold: lower predicted cost and better predicted health outcome.
In plain wordsIn a Chinese T2D model, IDegLira combined lower predicted costs and better predicted health than GLP-1-plus-basal-insulin treatment under the stated threshold.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableBase-case cost-effectiveness dominance
Study
n: not reported in source
Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model
Comparator
GLP-1RA added to basal insulin
Outcome group
Cost-effectiveness · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Under the threshold of 1 times the per capita GDP of China in 2022 (85,698 CNY), IDegLira is a dominant scheme with lower cost and better health outcome.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of IDegLira versus GLP-1RA added to basal insulin regimen (combined regimen) for patients with type 2 diabetes in China.
Summary · context
Based on the perspective of the health system, the study adopts the Swedish Institute for Health Economics diabetes cohort model. The baseline and clinical efficacy data in the model are from the EXTRA study.
Summary · context
The simulation time horizon is 30 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3991343614

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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