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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2024

16 results

Oral Carnosine Supplementation Preserves Vascular Function of Sprague Dawley Rats on a High-Salt Diet via Restored Antioxidative Defence.

Drenjančević I, Stupin A, Jukić I, Kolobarić N, Šušnjara P, Kozina N, Kovač L, Mihaljević Z

Nutrients26 Dec 2024Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID39796470 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC11722805 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/nu17010036 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-39796470
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Summary

Backgrounds/Objectives: Following previous findings on high-salt (HS)-intake-related increase of oxidative stress, this study explored whether carnosine (CAR; β-alanyl-L-histidine), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, enhanced antioxidative defence and vascular function following HS, potentially via the NRF2 or HIF-1α signalling pathway. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation (AChIR) and hypoxia-induced relaxation (HIR) were evaluated in norepinephrine-precontracted (NE, 10-7 M) aortic rings. HIR was also tested with NRF2 (ML-385, 5 × 10-6 M) and HIF-1α (LW6, 10-4 M) inhibitors. Gene expression of superoxide dismutases 1, 2, and 3 (SOD1, 2 and 3), glutathione peroxidases (GPx1 and 4), catalase (CAT), NRF2, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1) (NQO1) in aortic tissue was measured by RT-qPCR. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) assays were performed on serum samples. All experimental procedures conformed to the European Guidelines (directive 86/609) and were approved by the local and national Ethical Committees (#2158-61-46-23-36, EP355/2022). Results: HS impaired AChIR and HIR, both preserved by CAR. NRF2 and HIF-1α inhibitors suppressed HIR in the HS and HS + CAR groups. CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups. GPx1 and GPx4 were upregulated in HS + CAR compared to HS. CAR prevented an increase in AOPPs, which were elevated in HS, while FRAP was highest in HS + CAR. Conclusions: Carnosine enhances antioxidative defence by upregulating antioxidant enzymes and activities and preserves vascular relaxation, likely via NRF2 signalling.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study16

16 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine preserved acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation impaired by salt.

    In plain wordsIn rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine preserved vascular relaxation compared with the unsupplemented high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseAcetylcholine-induced relaxation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats on a high-salt diet
    Comparator
    High-salt diet without carnosine
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    HS impaired AChIR and HIR, both preserved by CAR.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Acetylcholine-induced relaxation (AChIR) and hypoxia-induced relaxation (HIR) were evaluated in norepinephrine-precontracted (NE, 10-7 M) aortic rings.
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine preserved hypoxia-induced vascular relaxation impaired by salt.

    In plain wordsIn rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine preserved relaxation during low oxygen compared with the unsupplemented high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseHypoxia-induced relaxation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats on a high-salt diet
    Comparator
    High-salt diet without carnosine
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    HS impaired AChIR and HIR, both preserved by CAR.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Acetylcholine-induced relaxation (AChIR) and hypoxia-induced relaxation (HIR) were evaluated in norepinephrine-precontracted (NE, 10-7 M) aortic rings.
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD1 expression compared with the control group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD1 expression compared with the control group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseSOD1 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    CTRL
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD1 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD1 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseSOD1 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD2 expression compared with the control group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD2 expression compared with the control group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseSOD2 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    CTRL
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD2 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic SOD2 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseSOD2 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic NRF2 expression compared with the control group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic NRF2 expression compared with the control group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseNRF2 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    CTRL
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic NRF2 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic NRF2 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseNRF2 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic NQO1 expression compared with the control group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic NQO1 expression compared with the control group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseNQO1 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    CTRL
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased aortic NQO1 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased aortic NQO1 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseNQO1 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased SOD activity compared with the control group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased antioxidant SOD activity compared with the control group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseSOD activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    CTRL
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine increased SOD activity compared with the high-salt group.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine increased antioxidant SOD activity compared with the high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseSOD activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR significantly increased SOD1 and 2, NRF2, and NQO1 expression and SOD activity compared to the CTRL and HS groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  13. 13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine increased GPx1 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    In plain wordsIn rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine increased GPx1 expression compared with the unsupplemented high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseGPx1 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats on a high-salt diet
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GPx1 and GPx4 were upregulated in HS + CAR compared to HS.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  14. 14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine increased GPx4 expression compared with the high-salt group.

    In plain wordsIn rats on a high-salt diet, carnosine increased GPx4 expression compared with the unsupplemented high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseGPx4 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats on a high-salt diet
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GPx1 and GPx4 were upregulated in HS + CAR compared to HS.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  15. 15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, carnosine prevented the increase in advanced oxidation protein products seen with high salt.

    In plain wordsIn rats, carnosine prevented the increase in oxidized protein products seen in the high-salt group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    DecreaseAdvanced oxidation protein products
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats on a high-salt diet
    Comparator
    HS
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Whole body
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR prevented an increase in AOPPs, which were elevated in HS, while FRAP was highest in HS + CAR.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).
  16. 16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, ferric reducing antioxidant power was highest with high salt plus carnosine.

    In plain wordsIn rats, blood antioxidant capacity was highest in the high-salt plus carnosine group.

    Peptide
    L-carnosine
    Outcome
    IncreaseFerric reducing antioxidant power
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Sprague Dawley rats on a high-salt diet
    Comparator
    Other study groups
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Whole body
    Studied dose
    150 mg/kg/day · oral · 7 daysAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CAR prevented an increase in AOPPs, which were elevated in HS, while FRAP was highest in HS + CAR.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) assays were performed on serum samples.
    Summary · context
    Sprague Dawley rats (64, 8-10 weeks old, both sexes) were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): CTRL (0.4% NaCl), HS (4% NaCl for 7 days), CTRL + CAR (0.4% NaCl and 150 mg/kg/day oral CAR supplementation), and HS + CAR (4% NaCl and CAR).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    27 Oct 2026, 16:32 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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