Is low-dose glucagon needed and effective in preventing fasted exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes treated with the MiniMed 780G, an automated insulin delivery system?

Lundemose SB, McCarthy OM, Christensen MB, Laugesen C, Bracken RM, Holst JJ, Ranjan AG, Nørgaard K

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism27 Nov 2024Cited by 6 (Europe PMC)

PMID39604050DOI10.1111/dom.16103PepBankPUB-39604050

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery, time in range was 100% during visits with and without glucagon.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery, time in glucose range was 100% with and without glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
No significant changeTime in glucose range
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Time in range
100%
both study visits
Source sentences
Summary
Time in range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) was 100% on both study visits.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405001
02HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery, neither the glucagon nor no-glucagon exercise arm had hypoglycaemia.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes using automated insulin delivery, no hypoglycaemia occurred during exercise with or without glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
No significant changeHypoglycaemia
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
No hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L) occurred in either arm.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405002
03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased mean plasma glucose versus no glucagon (p = 0.01).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased mean blood glucose compared with no glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreaseMean plasma glucose
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.01
mean plasma glucose
Source sentences
Summary
The GLUC arm had significantly higher mean PG (p = 0.01), area under the PG curve (p = 0.01), coefficient of variation (p < 0.01), peak PG (p = 0.01) and PG at the end of exercise (p < 0.01).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405003
04HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased plasma glucose area under the curve versus no glucagon (p = 0.01).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased blood glucose exposure compared with no glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreasePlasma glucose area under the curve
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.01
plasma glucose area under curve
Source sentences
Summary
The GLUC arm had significantly higher mean PG (p = 0.01), area under the PG curve (p = 0.01), coefficient of variation (p < 0.01), peak PG (p = 0.01) and PG at the end of exercise (p < 0.01).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405004
05HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased plasma glucose variability versus no glucagon (p < 0.01).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased blood glucose variability compared with no glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreasePlasma glucose coefficient of variation
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
< 0.01
coefficient of variation
Source sentences
Summary
The GLUC arm had significantly higher mean PG (p = 0.01), area under the PG curve (p = 0.01), coefficient of variation (p < 0.01), peak PG (p = 0.01) and PG at the end of exercise (p < 0.01).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405005
06HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased peak plasma glucose versus no glucagon (p = 0.01).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon before fasted exercise increased peak blood glucose compared with no glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreasePeak plasma glucose
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.01
peak plasma glucose
Source sentences
Summary
The GLUC arm had significantly higher mean PG (p = 0.01), area under the PG curve (p = 0.01), coefficient of variation (p < 0.01), peak PG (p = 0.01) and PG at the end of exercise (p < 0.01).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405006
07HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon increased plasma glucose at the end of fasted exercise versus no glucagon (p < 0.01).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, glucagon increased blood glucose at the end of fasted exercise compared with no glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreasePlasma glucose at exercise end
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
< 0.01
plasma glucose at exercise end
Source sentences
Summary
The GLUC arm had significantly higher mean PG (p = 0.01), area under the PG curve (p = 0.01), coefficient of variation (p < 0.01), peak PG (p = 0.01) and PG at the end of exercise (p < 0.01).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405007
08HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism
In adults with type 1 diabetes, endogenous glucoregulatory hormones did not differ between fasted exercise visits with and without glucagon.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, natural glucose-regulating hormones did not differ between exercise visits with and without glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
No significant changeEndogenous glucoregulatory hormones
Study
n = 10
Comparator
Exercise without glucagon
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
150-μg · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
No differences in endogenous glucoregulatory hormones were observed between visits.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten adults (four female) with T1D (age 50 [42-67] years, diabetes duration: 22 [14-44] years, HbA1c: 55 [47-69] mmol/mol) treated with the MiniMed™ 780G AID system participated in a proof-of-concept two-period, crossover trial.
Summary · context
Before exercise, 150-μg glucagon was administered subcutaneously on visit 1 (GLUC) but not on visit 2 (NO-GLUC).
Report a problemFND-3960405008

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:35 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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Is low-dose glucagon needed and effective in preventing fasted exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes treated with the MiniMed 780G, an automated insulin delivery system?

Summary

Results from this study8

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords