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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 50 · 2024

8 results

Effects of Liraglutide, Empagliflozin and Their Combination on Left Atrial Strain and Arterial Function.

Katogiannis K, Thymis J, Kousathana F, Pavlidis G, Korakas E, Kountouri A, Balampanis K, Prentza V, Kostelli G, Michalopoulou H, Tsilivarakis D, Lambadiari V, Ikonomidis I

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)26 Feb 2024Cited by 15 (Europe PMC)

PMID38541121 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC10971983 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/medicina60030395 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-38541121
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Summary

Background and Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are cardioprotective drugs. We investigated their effects on left atrial function, a major determinant of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also explored the association of changes in arterial stiffness with those of the LA strain after treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50). We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure. Results: At baseline, there was a correlation of the LA reservoir strain with PWV (r = -0.209, p = 0.008), central SBP (r = -0.151, p = 0.030), EF (r = 0.214, p = 0.004) and GLS (r = -0.279, p = 0.009). The LA reservoir change 6 months post-treatment was correlated with the PWV change in all groups (r = -0.242, p = 0.028). The LA reservoir change 6 months post-treatment was correlated with the GLS change in all groups (r = -0.322, p = 0.004). Six months after intervention, patients treated with liraglutide, empagliflozin and their combination improved the left atrial reservoir strain (GLP1RA 30.7 ± 9.3 vs. 33.9 ± 9.7%, p = 0.011, SGLT2i 30 ± 8.3 vs. 32.3 ± 7.3%, p = 0.04, GLP1&SGLT2i 29.1 ± 8.7 vs. 31.3 ± 8.2, p = 0.007) compared to those treated with insulin (33 ± 8.3% vs. 32.8 ± 7.4, p = 0.829). Also, patients treated with liraglutide and the combination liraglutide and empagliflozin had improved left atrial conduction strain (p < 0.05). Empagliflozin or the combination liraglutide and empagliflozin showed a greater decrease of PWV and central and brachial systolic blood pressure than insulin or GLP-1RA. (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Impaired aortic elastic properties are associated with a decreased LA strain in type 2 diabetics. Treatment with liraglutide, empagliflozin and their combination for 6 months showed a greater improvement of left atrial function compared to insulin treatment in parallel with the improvement of arterial and myocardial functions.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study8

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, liraglutide improved left atrial reservoir strain after 6 months, while insulin did not.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide improved left atrial reservoir strain after 6 months, while insulin did not.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseLeft atrial reservoir strain
    Study

    n = 50

    Comparator
    Insulin
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    LA reservoir strain before
    30.7%
    liraglutide
    LA reservoir strain after
    33.9%
    liraglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Six months after intervention, patients treated with liraglutide, empagliflozin and their combination improved the left atrial reservoir strain (GLP1RA 30.7 ± 9.3 vs. 33.9 ± 9.7%, p = 0.011
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    compared to those treated with insulin (33 ± 8.3% vs. 32.8 ± 7.4, p = 0.829)
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, liraglutide improved left atrial conduction strain after 6 months.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide improved left atrial conduction strain after 6 months.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseLeft atrial conduction strain
    Study

    n = 50

    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Also, patients treated with liraglutide and the combination liraglutide and empagliflozin had improved left atrial conduction strain (p < 0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  1. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the combination of liraglutide and empagliflozin improved left atrial reservoir strain after 6 months, while insulin did not.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the liraglutide and empagliflozin combination improved left atrial reservoir strain after 6 months, while insulin did not.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseLeft atrial reservoir strain, liraglutide plus empagliflozin
    Study

    n = 50

    Comparator
    Insulin
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    LA reservoir strain before
    29.1%
    combination
    LA reservoir strain after
    31.3%
    combination

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GLP1&SGLT2i 29.1 ± 8.7 vs. 31.3 ± 8.2, p = 0.007
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    compared to those treated with insulin (33 ± 8.3% vs. 32.8 ± 7.4, p = 0.829)
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the combination of liraglutide and empagliflozin improved left atrial conduction strain after 6 months.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the liraglutide and empagliflozin combination improved left atrial conduction strain after 6 months.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseLeft atrial conduction strain, liraglutide plus empagliflozin
    Study

    n = 50

    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Also, patients treated with liraglutide and the combination liraglutide and empagliflozin had improved left atrial conduction strain (p < 0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  3. 05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the combination of liraglutide and empagliflozin lowered pulse wave velocity more than insulin or GLP-1RA.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the liraglutide and empagliflozin combination lowered artery stiffness more than insulin or a GLP-1 drug alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePulse wave velocity, liraglutide plus empagliflozin
    Study

    n = 50

    Comparator
    Insulin and liraglutide
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Empagliflozin or the combination liraglutide and empagliflozin showed a greater decrease of PWV and central and brachial systolic blood pressure than insulin or GLP-1RA. (p < 0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  4. 06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the combination of liraglutide and empagliflozin lowered central and brachial systolic blood pressure more than insulin or GLP-1RA.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the liraglutide and empagliflozin combination lowered blood pressure more than insulin or a GLP-1 drug alone.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseCentral and brachial systolic blood pressure, liraglutide plus empagliflozin
    Study

    n = 50

    Comparator
    Insulin and liraglutide
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Empagliflozin or the combination liraglutide and empagliflozin showed a greater decrease of PWV and central and brachial systolic blood pressure than insulin or GLP-1RA. (p < 0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  5. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, left atrial reservoir change after 6 months correlated with pulse wave velocity change across all groups.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, changes in left atrial function were linked to changes in artery stiffness across all treatment groups.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableCorrelation of LA reservoir change with PWV change
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    r
    −0.242
    LA reservoir change vs PWV change

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The LA reservoir change 6 months post-treatment was correlated with the PWV change in all groups (r = -0.242, p = 0.028).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  6. 08HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, left atrial reservoir change after 6 months correlated with global longitudinal strain change across all groups.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, changes in left atrial function were linked to changes in heart muscle strain across all treatment groups.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableCorrelation of LA reservoir change with GLS change
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    r
    −0.322
    LA reservoir change vs GLS change

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The LA reservoir change 6 months post-treatment was correlated with the GLS change in all groups (r = -0.322, p = 0.004).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A total of 200 patients (59.5 ± 9.1 year old, 151 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n = 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n = 50), empagliflozin (n = 50) or their combination (liraglutide + empagliflozin) (n = 50).
    Summary · context
    We measured at baseline and 6 months post-treatment: (a) left atrial and global left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography; (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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