Nasal Glucagon Reverses Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia With Less Rebound Hyperglycemia: Pooled Analysis of Clinical Trials.

Seaquist E, Giménez M, Yan Y, Matsuhisa M, Kao CY, Wadwa RP, Nagai Y, Khunti K

Journal of the Endocrine Society26 Feb 2024Cited by 2 (Europe PMC)

PMID38444629PMCIDPMC10913376DOI10.1210/jendso/bvae034PepBankPUB-38444629

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. 10 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, nasal glucagon increased the proportion with in-range glucose versus injectable glucagon at 1-2 hours (P = .0047).
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, more patients had in-range glucose after nasal versus injectable glucagon at 1-2 hours.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreaseIn-range glucose at 1-2 hours
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.0047
in-range BG 1-2 h, NG vs IG
Source sentences
Summary
Higher proportions of patients had in-range BG with NG vs IG (1-2 hours: P = .0047; 1-4 hours: P = .0034).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462901
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, nasal glucagon increased the proportion with in-range glucose versus injectable glucagon at 1-4 hours (P = .0034).
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, more patients had in-range glucose after nasal versus injectable glucagon at 1-4 hours.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreaseIn-range glucose at 1-4 hours
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.0034
in-range BG 1-4 h, NG vs IG
Source sentences
Summary
Higher proportions of patients had in-range BG with NG vs IG (1-2 hours: P = .0047; 1-4 hours: P = .0034).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462902
03HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with diabetes, fewer patients had glucose >180 mg/dL after nasal versus injectable glucagon at 1-2 hours (P = .0034).
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, fewer patients had high glucose after nasal versus injectable glucagon at 1-2 hours.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
DecreaseGlucose above threshold at 1-2 hours
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.0034
BG >180 mg/dL 1-2 h, NG vs IG
Source sentences
Summary
Lower proportions of patients had at least 1 BG value >180 mg/dL with NG vs IG (1-2 hours: P = .0034; 1-4 hours: P = .0068).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462903
04HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with diabetes, fewer patients had glucose >180 mg/dL after nasal versus injectable glucagon at 1-4 hours (P = .0068).
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, fewer patients had high glucose after nasal versus injectable glucagon at 1-4 hours.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
DecreaseGlucose above threshold at 1-4 hours
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.0068
BG >180 mg/dL 1-4 h, NG vs IG
Source sentences
Summary
Lower proportions of patients had at least 1 BG value >180 mg/dL with NG vs IG (1-2 hours: P = .0034; 1-4 hours: P = .0068).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462904
05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, incremental glucose exposure above 180 mg/dL was lower with nasal versus injectable glucagon (P = .025).
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, glucose exposure above the threshold was lower with nasal versus injectable glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
DecreaseGlucose incremental AUC above threshold
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
0.025
iAUC of BG >180 mg/dL, NG vs IG
Source sentences
Summary
iAUC and AUC were lower with NG vs IG (P = .025 and P < .0001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Incremental area under curve (iAUC) of BG >180 mg/dL and area under curve (AUC) of observed BG values postdose were analyzed.
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462905
06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, observed glucose AUC was lower with nasal versus injectable glucagon (P < .0001).
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, total glucose exposure was lower with nasal versus injectable glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
DecreaseObserved glucose AUC
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
P value
< 0.0001
AUC of observed BG, NG vs IG
Source sentences
Summary
iAUC and AUC were lower with NG vs IG (P = .025 and P < .0001).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462906
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, treatment success was similar with nasal and injectable glucagon at 15 minutes, within the reported 97-100% range.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, treatment success was similar with nasal and injectable glucagon at 15 minutes.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
No significant changeTreatment success at 15 minutes
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Treatment success
97 to 100%
15 min, NG and IG
Source sentences
Summary
As expected, similar proportions of patients receiving NG or IG achieved treatment success at 15 and 30 minutes (97-100%).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462907
08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes, treatment success was similar with nasal and injectable glucagon at 30 minutes, within the reported 97-100% range.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, treatment success was similar with nasal and injectable glucagon at 30 minutes.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
No significant changeTreatment success at 30 minutes
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Injectable glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Treatment success
97 to 100%
30 min, NG and IG
Source sentences
Summary
As expected, similar proportions of patients receiving NG or IG achieved treatment success at 15 and 30 minutes (97-100%).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462908
09HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with diabetes, the glucagon safety profile was consistent with previous studies.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes, glucagon safety findings agreed with previous studies.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
Not applicableSafety profile
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The safety profile was consistent with previous studies.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462910
10HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with diabetes receiving glucagon, 93-96% had glucose ≥70 mg/dL within 15 minutes.
In plain wordsIn adults with diabetes receiving glucagon, most patients reached the glucose recovery threshold within 15 minutes.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
Not applicableGlucose recovery within 15 minutes
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Patients with BG >=70 mg/dL within 15 min
93 to 96%
range across arms
Source sentences
Summary
Most patients had BG ≥70 mg/dL within 15 minutes (93-96%).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed rebound hyperglycemia occurrence after nasal glucagon (NG) or injectable glucagon (IG) administration in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Summary · context
This was a pooled analysis of 3 multicenter, randomized, open-label studies (NCT03339453, NCT03421379, NCT01994746) in patients ≥18 years with T1D or T2D with induced hypoglycemia.
Report a problemFND-3844462909

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials3

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

3 trials · 3 completed · 3 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT03421379

A Study of Nasal Glucagon (LY900018) in Japanese Participants With Diabetes Mellitus

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 7521 Feb 2018 to 20 Aug 2018

Diabetes Mellitus

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Oct 2019

CompletedPhase 1Results postedNCT03339453

A Study of Nasal Glucagon in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 7010 Nov 2017 to 13 Jan 2018

Hypoglycemia · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 23 Sept 2019

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01994746

Efficacy and Safety of Nasal Glucagon for Treatment of Hypoglycemia in Adults

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 77Nov 2013 to Jan 2015

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 23 Sept 2019

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:35 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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Keywords

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