Cardiovascular Outcomes in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study).

Green JB, Everett BM, Ghosh A, Younes N, Krause-Steinrauf H, Barzilay J, Desouza C, Inzucchi SE, Pokharel Y, Schade D, Scrymgeour A, Tan MH, Utzschneider KM, Mudaliar S

Circulation12 Feb 2024Cited by 22 (Europe PMC)

PMID38344820PMCIDPMC10978227DOI10.1161/circulationaha.123.066604PepBankPUB-38344820

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. 5 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, the liraglutide group had a significantly lower risk of MACE-5 than the other groups combined.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, people on liraglutide had a lower risk of a broad set of heart events than the other groups combined.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMACE-5, liraglutide versus other groups combined
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Other treatment groups combined (glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin)
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
adjusted hazard ratio
0.7 ratio
MACE-5
Source sentences
Summary
However, when compared with the other treatment groups combined, the liraglutide-treated group had a significantly lower risk of MACE-5 (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.54-0.91]; P=0.021)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study).
Summary · context
A total of 5047 participants with a mean±SD age of 57.2±10.0 years, type 2 diabetes duration of 4.0±2.7 years, and low baseline prevalence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, 5.1%; cerebrovascular accident, 2.0%) were followed for a median of 5 years.
Report a problemFND-3834482002
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, the liraglutide group had a significantly lower risk of MACE-6 than the other groups combined.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, people on liraglutide had a lower risk of a wider set of heart events than the other groups combined.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMACE-6, liraglutide versus other groups combined
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Other treatment groups combined (glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin)
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
adjusted hazard ratio
0.7 ratio
MACE-6
Source sentences
Summary
MACE-6 (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55-0.90]; P=0.021)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
However, when compared with the other treatment groups combined
Summary · context
We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study).
Summary · context
A total of 5047 participants with a mean±SD age of 57.2±10.0 years, type 2 diabetes duration of 4.0±2.7 years, and low baseline prevalence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, 5.1%; cerebrovascular accident, 2.0%) were followed for a median of 5 years.
Report a problemFND-3834482003
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, the liraglutide group had a significantly lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure than the other groups combined.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, people on liraglutide had a lower risk of hospital stays for heart failure than the other groups combined.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHospitalization for heart failure, liraglutide versus other groups combined
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Other treatment groups combined (glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin)
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
adjusted hazard ratio
0.49 ratio
hospitalization for heart failure
Source sentences
Summary
hospitalization for heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.28-0.86]; P=0.022)
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
However, when compared with the other treatment groups combined
Summary · context
We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study).
Summary · context
A total of 5047 participants with a mean±SD age of 57.2±10.0 years, type 2 diabetes duration of 4.0±2.7 years, and low baseline prevalence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, 5.1%; cerebrovascular accident, 2.0%) were followed for a median of 5 years.
Report a problemFND-3834482004
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, recurrent MACE-6 events were less frequent with liraglutide than with glimepiride (rate ratio 1.61 for glimepiride).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, repeat heart events happened less often with liraglutide than with glimepiride.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRecurrent MACE-6 events, liraglutide versus glimepiride
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Glimepiride
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
rate ratio (glimepiride versus liraglutide)
1.61 ratio
recurrent MACE-6
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with the liraglutide group, significantly higher rates of recurrent MACE-6 events occurred in the groups treated with glimepiride (rate ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.13-2.29])
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study).
Summary · context
A total of 5047 participants with a mean±SD age of 57.2±10.0 years, type 2 diabetes duration of 4.0±2.7 years, and low baseline prevalence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, 5.1%; cerebrovascular accident, 2.0%) were followed for a median of 5 years.
Report a problemFND-3834482005
05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, recurrent MACE-6 events were less frequent with liraglutide than with sitagliptin (rate ratio 1.75 for sitagliptin).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, repeat heart events happened less often with liraglutide than with sitagliptin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRecurrent MACE-6 events, liraglutide versus sitagliptin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Sitagliptin
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
rate ratio (sitagliptin versus liraglutide)
1.75 ratio
recurrent MACE-6
Source sentences
Summary
sitagliptin (rate ratio 1.75; [95% CI, 1.24-2.48])
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Compared with the liraglutide group, significantly higher rates of recurrent MACE-6 events
Summary · context
We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study).
Summary · context
A total of 5047 participants with a mean±SD age of 57.2±10.0 years, type 2 diabetes duration of 4.0±2.7 years, and low baseline prevalence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, 5.1%; cerebrovascular accident, 2.0%) were followed for a median of 5 years.
Report a problemFND-3834482006

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, cumulative incidence of first MACE-3, MACE-4, MACE-5 and MACE-6 and their components did not differ significantly across the four randomized groups.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, heart events did not differ significantly across the four randomized add-on drug groups.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeFirst MACE-3 to MACE-6 and components by randomized group
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Four randomized groups compared
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
We observed no statistically significant differences in the cumulative incidence of first MACE-3, MACE-4, MACE-5, or MACE-6, or their individual components, by randomized treatment group.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study).
Summary · context
A total of 5047 participants with a mean±SD age of 57.2±10.0 years, type 2 diabetes duration of 4.0±2.7 years, and low baseline prevalence of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, 5.1%; cerebrovascular accident, 2.0%) were followed for a median of 5 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3834482001

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01794143

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GRADE Study Groupn = 7,850May 2013 to 30 Apr 2021

Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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