Skip to content

Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2024

8 results

Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice.

Hao M, Zhong K, Bai X, Wu S, Li L, He Y, Wang Z, Sun X, Wang Q, Guo Y, Sun Y, Wu L

Experimental cell research2 Dec 2023Cited by 6 (Europe PMC)

PMID38049080 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-38049080
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 8 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In C57BL/6 mice, intraperitoneal Tβ4 damaged the intestinal mucus barrier.

    In plain wordsIn mice, injected Tβ4 damaged the gut mucus barrier.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseIntestinal mucus barrier integrity
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6 mice
    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, Tβ4-treated C57BL/6 mice had damaged intestinal mucus barriers and decreased LC3II levels.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Additionally, we intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice with Tβ4 to assess barrier function, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II) protein expression, and autophagy.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In C57BL/6 mice, intraperitoneal Tβ4 decreased LC3II protein levels.

    In plain wordsIn mice, injected Tβ4 lowered the autophagy marker LC3II.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLC3II levels
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6 mice
    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, Tβ4-treated C57BL/6 mice had damaged intestinal mucus barriers and decreased LC3II levels.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Additionally, we intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice with Tβ4 to assess barrier function, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II) protein expression, and autophagy.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice, Tβ4 inhibited colonic mucin2 production.

    In plain wordsIn mice, Tβ4 reduced mucin2 production in the colon.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseColonic mucin2 production
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6 mice
    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 also inhibited colonic mucin2 production, disrupted tight junctions, and downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice, Tβ4 disrupted intestinal tight junctions.

    In plain wordsIn mice, Tβ4 disrupted the tight junctions of the gut lining.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseIntestinal tight junctions
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6 mice
    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    disrupted tight junctions, and downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice, Tβ4 downregulated autophagy.

    In plain wordsIn mice, Tβ4 reduced autophagy in the gut.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAutophagy
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    C57BL/6 mice
    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intraperitonealAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue.
  6. 06LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In normal human colon tissue, Tβ4 effects on mucin2, tight junctions and autophagy matched the mouse results.

    In plain wordsIn human colon tissue in the lab, Tβ4 had the same gut barrier and autophagy effects seen in mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBarrier function and autophagy changes in human colon tissue
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Normal human colon tissue
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 also inhibited colonic mucin2 production, disrupted tight junctions, and downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Finally, normal human colon tissue and colon carcinoma cells (Caco2) were cultured to verify Tβ4-induced barrier function and autophagy changes.
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In Caco2 colon carcinoma cells, Tβ4 effects on mucin2, tight junctions and autophagy matched the mouse results.

    In plain wordsIn colon cancer cells grown in the lab, Tβ4 had the same gut barrier and autophagy effects seen in mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBarrier function and autophagy changes in Caco2 cells
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Caco2 colon carcinoma cells
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 also inhibited colonic mucin2 production, disrupted tight junctions, and downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Finally, normal human colon tissue and colon carcinoma cells (Caco2) were cultured to verify Tβ4-induced barrier function and autophagy changes.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 08AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In mice with DSS-induced colitis, the body's own Tβ4 expression was higher than in control mice.

    In plain wordsIn mice with colitis, the body's own Tβ4 levels were higher than in healthy control mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTβ4 expression in DSS colitis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    DSS-induced colitis mouse model
    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Mucin2 levels decreased, microbial infiltration increased, and Tβ4 expression increased in the colitis mouse model versus the control mice, indicating mucus barrier damage.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Therefore, this study evaluated the underlying regulatory mechanisms and effects of Tβ4 by examining Tβ4 expression in a mouse model with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and colonic barrier damage.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.