The Use of Rescue Insulin in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).

Hollander PA, Krause-Steinrauf H, Butera NM, Kazemi EJ, Ahmann AJ, Fattaleh BN, Johnson ML, Killean T, Lagari VS, Larkin ME, Legowski EA, Rasouli N, Willis HJ, Martin CL

Diabetes care1 Apr 2024Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID37756542PMCIDPMC10973913DOI10.2337/dc23-0516PepBankPUB-37756542

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

01HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialOther
In adults with type 2 diabetes in GRADE, 47.3% of participants met the threshold for rescue insulin across the four assigned drugs.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, nearly half of trial participants met the threshold for rescue insulin across all four drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableParticipants meeting the threshold for rescue insulin
Study
n = 5,047
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Participants meeting rescue insulin threshold
47.3%
all GRADE participants
Source sentences
Summary
Nearly one-half of GRADE participants (N = 2,387 [47.3%]) met the threshold for rescue insulin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
GRADE participants (type 2 diabetes duration <10 years, baseline A1C 6.8%-8.5% on metformin monotherapy, N = 5,047) were randomly assigned to insulin glargine U-100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin and followed quarterly for a mean of 5 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3775654201
02HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialOther
Among participants assigned to glimepiride, liraglutide or sitagliptin pooled, rescue glargine was added by 69% (39% within 6 weeks).
In plain wordsAmong people on glimepiride, liraglutide or sitagliptin combined, 69% added rescue glargine insulin; 39% did so within 6 weeks.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableRescue glargine added in glimepiride, liraglutide or sitagliptin arms
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Rescue glargine added
69%
glimepiride, liraglutide or sitagliptin pooled
Rescue glargine within 6 weeks
39%
glimepiride, liraglutide or sitagliptin pooled
Source sentences
Summary
Among participants assigned to glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, rescue glargine was added by 69% (39% within 6 weeks).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
GRADE participants (type 2 diabetes duration <10 years, baseline A1C 6.8%-8.5% on metformin monotherapy, N = 5,047) were randomly assigned to insulin glargine U-100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin and followed quarterly for a mean of 5 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3775654202
03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialOther
Among non-glargine-assigned participants (glimepiride, liraglutide and sitagliptin pooled), rescue aspart was added by 30% (14% within 6 weeks).
In plain wordsAmong people on non-glargine drugs combined, 30% added rescue aspart insulin; 14% did so within 6 weeks.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Not applicableRescue aspart added in non-glargine arms
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Rescue aspart added
30%
non-glargine arms pooled
Rescue aspart within 6 weeks
14%
non-glargine arms pooled
Source sentences
Summary
Rescue aspart was added by 44% of glargine-assigned participants (19% within 6 weeks) and by 30% of non-glargine-assigned participants (14% within 6 weeks).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
GRADE participants (type 2 diabetes duration <10 years, baseline A1C 6.8%-8.5% on metformin monotherapy, N = 5,047) were randomly assigned to insulin glargine U-100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin and followed quarterly for a mean of 5 years.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Report a problemFND-3775654203

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01794143

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GRADE Study Groupn = 7,850May 2013 to 30 Apr 2021

Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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MeSH terms

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