Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analogues as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Park J, Ntelis S, Yunasan E, Downton KD, Yip TC, Munir KM, Haq N

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 Dec 2023Cited by 59 (Europe PMC)

PMID37561012DOI10.1210/clinem/dgad471PepBankPUB-37561012

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. 10 results from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, adjunctive liraglutide lowered A1c by 0.09% for each mg of dose.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, add-on liraglutide lowered A1c by 0.09% for each mg of dose.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseA1c change per mg of liraglutide
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
A1c effect size
−0.09 %/mg
liraglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide had the most substantial evidence with effect sizes on A1c (-0.09%/mg), weight (-2.2 kg/mg), and TDI (-4.32 IU/mg).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101201
02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, adjunctive liraglutide lowered body weight by 2.2 kg for each mg of dose.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, add-on liraglutide lowered body weight by 2.2 kg for each mg of dose.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWeight change per mg of liraglutide
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Weight effect size
−2.2 kg/mg
liraglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide had the most substantial evidence with effect sizes on A1c (-0.09%/mg), weight (-2.2 kg/mg), and TDI (-4.32 IU/mg).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101202
03HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, adjunctive liraglutide lowered total daily insulin dose by 4.32 IU for each mg of dose.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, add-on liraglutide lowered the daily insulin dose by 4.32 IU for each mg of dose.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseTotal daily insulin dose change per mg of liraglutide
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Total daily insulin effect size
−4.32 IU/mg
liraglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide had the most substantial evidence with effect sizes on A1c (-0.09%/mg), weight (-2.2 kg/mg), and TDI (-4.32 IU/mg).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101203
04HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, higher liraglutide dose was associated with higher odds of nausea (OR 6.5).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, higher liraglutide doses were linked to higher odds of nausea.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseNausea
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Odds ratio for nausea
6.5 NA
liraglutide dose
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide dose was the greatest predictor of greater average weight loss and TDI decrease but was associated with higher odds of nausea (OR 6.5; 95% CI, 5.0-8.4) and ketosis (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101204
05HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, higher liraglutide dose was associated with higher odds of ketosis (OR 1.8).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, higher liraglutide doses were linked to higher odds of ketosis.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseKetosis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Odds ratio for ketosis
1.8 NA
liraglutide dose
Source sentences
Summary
Liraglutide dose was the greatest predictor of greater average weight loss and TDI decrease but was associated with higher odds of nausea (OR 6.5; 95% CI, 5.0-8.4) and ketosis (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101205
06HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, liraglutide did not significantly raise the odds of severe hypoglycemia (OR 0.67).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, add-on liraglutide did not significantly raise the odds of severe low blood sugar.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSevere hypoglycemia
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Odds ratio for severe hypoglycemia
0.67 NA
liraglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Odds of severe (OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43-1.04) or symptomatic hypoglycemia (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.53-1.51) were not significantly elevated.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101206
07HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, liraglutide did not significantly raise the odds of symptomatic hypoglycemia (OR 0.89).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, add-on liraglutide did not significantly raise the odds of symptomatic low blood sugar.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeSymptomatic hypoglycemia
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Odds ratio for symptomatic hypoglycemia
0.89 NA
liraglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Odds of severe (OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43-1.04) or symptomatic hypoglycemia (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.53-1.51) were not significantly elevated.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101207
08HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
Among patients with type 1 diabetes who were newly diagnosed or C-peptide positive (C-pos), the A1c decrease was greater (-0.51% versus -0.28%).
In plain wordsAmong people with type 1 diabetes who were newly diagnosed or C-peptide positive, A1c fell more (0.51% versus 0.28%).
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseA1c decrease in C-peptide positive patients
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
A1c decrease
−0.51%
C-pos patients
A1c decrease
−0.28%
comparison value as written
Source sentences
Summary
Among C-pos patients, greater A1c decrease (-0.51% vs -0.28%) but similar weight loss and TDI were seen.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101208
09HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
Among newly diagnosed or C-peptide positive (C-pos) patients with type 1 diabetes, weight loss was similar to that in other patients.
In plain wordsAmong people with type 1 diabetes who were newly diagnosed or C-peptide positive, weight loss was similar, not greater.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeWeight loss in C-peptide positive patients
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Among C-pos patients, greater A1c decrease (-0.51% vs -0.28%) but similar weight loss and TDI were seen.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101209
10HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
Among newly diagnosed or C-peptide positive (C-pos) patients with type 1 diabetes, the change in total daily insulin dose was similar to that in other patients.
In plain wordsAmong people with type 1 diabetes who were newly diagnosed or C-peptide positive, the change in daily insulin dose was similar.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeTotal daily insulin dose in C-peptide positive patients
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Among C-pos patients, greater A1c decrease (-0.51% vs -0.28%) but similar weight loss and TDI were seen.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials up to December 2022.
Summary · context
A total of 24 studies using 4 different GLP-1 analogues with a total of 3377 patients were included.
Report a problemFND-3756101210

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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MeSH terms

Keywords

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