Detection and quantification of the metabolite Ac-Tβ_1-14 in in vitro experiments and urine of rats treated with Ac-Tβ4: A potential biomarker of Ac-Tβ4 for doping tests.

Rahaman KA, Muresan AR, Hasan ML, Joung YK, Min H, Son J, Kang MJ, Kwon OS

Drug testing and analysis28 Jul 2023Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID37515313DOI10.1002/dta.3552PepBankPUB-37515313

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats treated intraperitoneally with Tβ4 at 20 mg/kg, the metabolite Ac-Tβ1-14 was found in urine.
In plain wordsIn rats given thymosin β4, the breakdown product Ac-Tβ1-14 appeared in urine.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableAc-Tβ1-14 metabolite in rat urine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
20 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
As a result, among the six metabolites above, Ac-Tβ_1-14 , as a common metabolite, was found in LAP, HKM, huvec cells exposed to Tβ4, and the urine of rats intraperitoneally treated with 20-mg/kg Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-3751531305
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats given Tβ4, the metabolite Ac-Tβ1-14 was quantitatively determined up to 48 h.
In plain wordsIn rats given thymosin β4, the breakdown product could be measured in urine for up to 48 hours.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableDuration of Ac-Tβ1-14 quantification in rat urine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Quantification window
48 h
rat urine
Source sentences
Summary
And the metabolite Ac-Tβ_1-14 was quantitatively determined by 48 h in rats, with the highest concentration occurring between 0 and 6 h.
Report a problemFND-3751531306
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats given Tβ4, the highest urine concentration of Ac-Tβ1-14 occurred between 0 and 6 h.
In plain wordsIn rats given thymosin β4, the breakdown product peaked in urine in the first 6 hours.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableTime of highest Ac-Tβ1-14 concentration in rat urine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Time of highest concentration
0 to 6 h
rat urine
Source sentences
Summary
And the metabolite Ac-Tβ_1-14 was quantitatively determined by 48 h in rats, with the highest concentration occurring between 0 and 6 h.
Report a problemFND-3751531307
04LabEx vivo tissuePharmacokinetics
In human kidney microsomes, Tβ4 produced the metabolite Ac-Tβ1-14.
In plain wordsIn lab tests with human kidney material, thymosin β4 was broken down into the product Ac-Tβ1-14.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableAc-Tβ1-14 metabolite formed in human kidney microsomes
Study
n: not reported in source
Human kidney microsomes (HKM)
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
As a result, among the six metabolites above, Ac-Tβ_1-14 , as a common metabolite, was found in LAP, HKM, huvec cells exposed to Tβ4, and the urine of rats intraperitoneally treated with 20-mg/kg Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-3751531303
05LabIn vitro (cells)Pharmacokinetics
In cultured huvec cells exposed to Tβ4, the metabolite Ac-Tβ1-14 was found.
In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 was broken down into the product Ac-Tβ1-14.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableAc-Tβ1-14 metabolite formed in huvec cells
Study
n: not reported in source
Cultured huvec cells
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
As a result, among the six metabolites above, Ac-Tβ_1-14 , as a common metabolite, was found in LAP, HKM, huvec cells exposed to Tβ4, and the urine of rats intraperitoneally treated with 20-mg/kg Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-3751531304
06LabIn vitro (cell-free)Pharmacokinetics
In an enzyme digest with leucine aminopeptidase, Tβ4 produced the metabolite Ac-Tβ1-14.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, an enzyme broke thymosin β4 down into the product Ac-Tβ1-14.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableAc-Tβ1-14 metabolite formed by leucine aminopeptidase
Study
n: not reported in source
Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
As a result, among the six metabolites above, Ac-Tβ_1-14 , as a common metabolite, was found in LAP, HKM, huvec cells exposed to Tβ4, and the urine of rats intraperitoneally treated with 20-mg/kg Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-3751531302

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

07AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
Ac-Tβ1-14 was not detected in non-treated control groups, including human blank urine.
In plain wordsThe breakdown product was not found in untreated controls, including human urine without treatment.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableAc-Tβ1-14 in untreated controls
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Ac-Tβ_1-14 was not detected in non-treated control groups, including human blank urine.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3751531308
08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneOther designOther
A mass spectrometry method for the Tβ4 metabolite Ac-Tβ1-14 had a limit of detection of 0.19 ng/mL and a limit of quantification of 0.58 ng/mL.
In plain wordsA lab method detected the thymosin β4 breakdown product Ac-Tβ1-14 at very low levels, for use in doping tests.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableLOD and LOQ of Ac-Tβ1-14 assay
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Measurements
LOD
0.19 ng/mL
Ac-Tβ1-14
LOQ
0.58 ng/mL
Ac-Tβ1-14
Source sentences
Summary
A method for detecting and quantifying Ac-Tβ_1-14 was developed and validated using Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the Ac-Tβ_1-14 were 0.19 and 0.58 ng/mL, respectively, and showed a good linearity (r² = 0.9998).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3751531301

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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