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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 5,047 · 2023

4 results

Comparative Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Wexler DJ, de Boer IH, Ghosh A, Younes N, Bebu I, Inzucchi SE, McGill JB, Mudaliar S, Schade D, Steffes MW, Tamborlane WV, Tan MH, Ismail-Beigi F

JAMA internal medicine1 Jul 2023Cited by 24 (Europe PMC)

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the chronic eGFR slope with liraglutide (-2.08 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year) did not differ significantly from sitagliptin, glimepiride or insulin glargine (P = .61).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, kidney function declined at a similar rate on liraglutide as on sitagliptin, glimepiride or insulin glargine.

    Outcome
    No significant changeChronic eGFR slope
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin, glimepiride, insulin glargine (each added to metformin)
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · mean follow-up 5.0 yearsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Chronic eGFR slope
    −2.08 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year
    liraglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Mean chronic eGFR slope was -2.03 (95% CI, -2.20 to -1.86) mL/min/1.73 m2 per year for patients receiving sitagliptin; glimepiride, -1.92 (95% CI, -2.08 to -1.75) mL/min/1.73 m2 per year; liraglutide, -2.08 (95% CI, -2.26 to -1.90) mL/min/1.73 m2 per year; and insulin glargine, -2.02 (95% CI, -2.19…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Participants included adults with T2D for less than 10 years, a hemoglobin A1c level between 6.8% and 8.5%, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who were receiving metformin treatment.
    Summary · context
    Addition of insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin to metformin, with the medication combination continued until the HbA1c was greater than 7.5%; thereafter, insulin was added to maintain glycemic control.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, composite kidney disease progression occurred in 12.0% on liraglutide, with no significant difference from the other three drugs (P = .56).

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, kidney disease progression was about as common on liraglutide as on sitagliptin, glimepiride or insulin glargine.

    Outcome
    No significant changeComposite kidney disease progression
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin, glimepiride, insulin glargine (each added to metformin)
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · mean follow-up 5.0 yearsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Composite kidney disease progression
    12%
    liraglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Mean composite kidney disease progression occurred in 135 (10.6%) patients receiving sitagliptin; glimepiride, 155 (12.4%); liraglutide, 152 (12.0%); and insulin glargine, 150 (11.9%) (P = .56).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Participants included adults with T2D for less than 10 years, a hemoglobin A1c level between 6.8% and 8.5%, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who were receiving metformin treatment.
    Summary · context
    Addition of insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin to metformin, with the medication combination continued until the HbA1c was greater than 7.5%; thereafter, insulin was added to maintain glycemic control.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, secondary kidney outcomes showed no significant differences by treatment assignment, including liraglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, secondary kidney outcomes did not differ by treatment, including liraglutide.

    Outcome
    No significant changeSecondary kidney outcomes
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin, glimepiride, insulin glargine (each added to metformin)
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · mean follow-up 5.0 yearsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no significant differences by treatment assignment in secondary outcomes.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Participants included adults with T2D for less than 10 years, a hemoglobin A1c level between 6.8% and 8.5%, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who were receiving metformin treatment.
    Summary · context
    Addition of insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin to metformin, with the medication combination continued until the HbA1c was greater than 7.5%; thereafter, insulin was added to maintain glycemic control.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, no adverse kidney events were attributable to medication assignment.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, no adverse kidney events were linked to the assigned drug, liraglutide included.

    Outcome
    No significant changeAdverse kidney events
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin, glimepiride, insulin glargine (each added to metformin)
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · mean follow-up 5.0 yearsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no adverse kidney events attributable to medication assignment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Participants included adults with T2D for less than 10 years, a hemoglobin A1c level between 6.8% and 8.5%, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 who were receiving metformin treatment.
    Summary · context
    Addition of insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin to metformin, with the medication combination continued until the HbA1c was greater than 7.5%; thereafter, insulin was added to maintain glycemic control.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01794143

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GRADE Study Groupn = 7,850May 2013 to 30 Apr 2021

Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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