Thymosin β4 Exerts a Cytoprotective Function and Attenuates Liver Injury in Murine Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

In a murine HSOS model, circulating alanine aminotransferase was significantly reduced after Tβ4 peptide administration.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 lowered the liver enzyme ALT.

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In a murine HSOS model, circulating aspartate aminotransferase was significantly reduced after Tβ4 peptide administration.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 lowered the liver enzyme AST.

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In a murine HSOS model, total bilirubin was significantly reduced after Tβ4 peptide administration.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 lowered bilirubin.

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In a murine HSOS model, circulating IL-6 was significantly reduced after Tβ4 peptide administration.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 lowered the inflammation marker IL-6.

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In a murine HSOS model, circulating IL-1β was significantly reduced after Tβ4 peptide administration.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 lowered the inflammation marker IL-1β.

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In a murine HSOS model, circulating TNF-α was significantly reduced after Tβ4 peptide administration.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 lowered the inflammation marker TNF-α.

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In a murine HSOS model, Tβ4 treatment ameliorated HSEC injury.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 reduced damage to liver blood-vessel lining cells.

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In a murine HSOS model, Tβ4 treatment ameliorated inflammatory damage of the liver.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 reduced inflammatory liver damage.

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In a murine HSOS model, Tβ4 treatment ameliorated fibrosis of the murine liver.

In plain wordsIn mice with a liver blood-vessel injury model, thymosin β4 reduced liver scarring.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro, Tβ4 stimulated proliferation.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 made liver blood-vessel lining cells multiply.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro, Tβ4 stimulated migration.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 made liver blood-vessel lining cells move more.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro, Tβ4 stimulated tube formation.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 helped liver blood-vessel lining cells form tube-like structures.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro, Tβ4 activated the pro-survival signaling protein AKT.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 switched on a survival signal called AKT.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro, Tβ4 resisted γ irradiation-induced growth arrest.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 protected liver blood-vessel lining cells from radiation-induced growth arrest.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro, Tβ4 resisted γ irradiation-induced apoptosis.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 protected liver blood-vessel lining cells from radiation-induced cell death.

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In irradiated hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, Tβ4 upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 raised a protein that blocks cell death after radiation.

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In irradiated hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, Tβ4 upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 raised a second protein that blocks cell death after radiation.

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In irradiated hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, Tβ4 significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 lowered inflammatory signals caused by radiation.

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In irradiated hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, Tβ4 negatively regulated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 turned down an inflammation signal pathway after radiation.

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In irradiated hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, Tβ4 negatively regulated MAPK p38.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 turned down a stress signal protein called p38 after radiation.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, Tβ4 reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species production.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 lowered oxidative stress in liver blood-vessel lining cells.

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In hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, Tβ4 upregulated antioxidants.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 raised protective antioxidant proteins.

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In cell models, Tβ4 inhibited irradiation-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 reduced radiation-induced activation of liver scar-forming cells.

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In irradiated hepatic stellate cells, Tβ4 downregulated the fibrogenic marker α-SMA.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 lowered a scar-forming marker called α-SMA.

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In irradiated hepatic stellate cells, Tβ4 downregulated the fibrogenic marker PAI-1.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 lowered a scar-forming marker called PAI-1.

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In irradiated hepatic stellate cells, Tβ4 downregulated the fibrogenic marker TGF-β.

In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin β4 lowered a scar-forming marker called TGF-β.

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