Skip to content

Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2023

4 results

Prediction of Post-Acute-Sequelae of COVID-19 by Cargo Protein Biomarkers of Blood Total Extracellular Vesicles in Acute COVID-19.

Goetzl EJ, Yao PJ, Kapogiannis D

The American journal of medicine17 Apr 2023Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID37072092 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC10106499 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.03.026 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-37072092
Read at sourcePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 4 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In acutely infected COVID-19 patients who later developed PASC, extracellular vesicle levels of the body's own MOTS‑c were significantly lower.

    In plain wordsIn people with acute COVID-19 who later developed long COVID, the body's own MOTS‑c in blood vesicles was lower.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    DecreaseExtracellular vesicle MOTS-c in acute COVID-19 by later PASC
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Significant decreases in total extracellular vesicle levels of the mitochondrial proteins MOTS-c, VDAC-1, and humanin, and elevations of levels of SARM-1 were observed in acutely infected patients who would develop PASC.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Total extracellular vesicles were precipitated from blood of age- and gender-matched participants with no infection (n=10), acute COVID-19 (n=16), post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC or long COVID) (n=30), or post-acute COVID without PASC (n=8) and their extracted proteins quantified by enzyme-lin…

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In PASC patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations, extracellular vesicle levels of the body's own MOTS‑c were significantly lower.

    In plain wordsIn people with long COVID and brain or mood symptoms, the body's own MOTS‑c in blood vesicles was lower.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    DecreaseExtracellular vesicle MOTS-c in PASC with neuropsychiatric manifestations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Significant decreases in total extracellular vesicle levels of MOTS-c and humanin, but not VDAC-1, and elevations of total extracellular vesicle levels of SARM-1 were characteristic of PASC patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Total extracellular vesicles were precipitated from blood of age- and gender-matched participants with no infection (n=10), acute COVID-19 (n=16), post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC or long COVID) (n=30), or post-acute COVID without PASC (n=8) and their extracted proteins quantified by enzyme-lin…

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In acutely infected COVID-19 patients who would develop post-acute sequelae (PASC), blood extracellular vesicle humanin levels were significantly decreased.

    In plain wordsIn people with acute COVID-19 who later developed long COVID, the body's own humanin levels in blood vesicles were lower.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseExtracellular vesicle humanin in acute COVID-19 patients who later develop PASC
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Significant decreases in total extracellular vesicle levels of the mitochondrial proteins MOTS-c, VDAC-1, and humanin, and elevations of levels of SARM-1 were observed in acutely infected patients who would develop PASC.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Total extracellular vesicles were precipitated from blood of age- and gender-matched participants with no infection (n=10), acute COVID-19 (n=16), post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC or long COVID) (n=30), or post-acute COVID without PASC (n=8) and their extracted proteins quantified by enzyme-lin…

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In PASC patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations, total extracellular vesicle humanin levels were significantly decreased.

    In plain wordsIn people with long COVID and brain or mood symptoms, the body's own humanin levels in blood vesicles were lower.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseExtracellular vesicle humanin in PASC with neuropsychiatric manifestations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Significant decreases in total extracellular vesicle levels of MOTS-c and humanin, but not VDAC-1, and elevations of total extracellular vesicle levels of SARM-1 were characteristic of PASC patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Total extracellular vesicles were precipitated from blood of age- and gender-matched participants with no infection (n=10), acute COVID-19 (n=16), post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC or long COVID) (n=30), or post-acute COVID without PASC (n=8) and their extracted proteins quantified by enzyme-lin…

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 18Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC

    The same notice was added 15 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.