Skip to content

Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2023

4 results

Thymosin beta 4 prevents systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced plaque load in middle-age APP/PS1 mice.

Othman O, Marshall H, Masterson M, Winlow P, Gibson G, Ding Y, Pardon MC

International immunopharmacology4 Mar 2023Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID36878045 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109951 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-36878045
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 4 results

Summary

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by the gut during systemic infections and inflammation is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Since thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) effectively reduces LPS-induced inflammation in sepsis, we tested its potential to alleviate the impact of LPS in the brain of the APPswePS1dE9 mouse model of AD (APP/PS1) and wildtype (WT) mice. 12.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 30) and their WT littermates (n = 29) were tested for baseline food burrowing performance, spatial working memory and exploratory drive in the spontaneous alternation and open-field tests, prior to being challenged with LPS (100ug/kg, i.v.) or its vehicle phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Tβ4 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) or PBS, was administered immediately following and at 2 and 4 h after the PBS or LPS challenge, and then once daily for 6 days (n = 7-8). LPS-induced sickness was assessed though monitoring of changes in body weight and behaviour over a 7-day period. Brains were collected for the determination of amyloid plaque load and reactive gliosis in the hippocampus and cortex. Treatment with Tβ4 alleviated sickness symptoms to a greater extent in APP/PS1 than in WT mice by limiting LPS-induced weight loss and inhibition of food burrowing behaviour. It prevented LPS-induced amyloid burden in APP/PS1 mice but increased astrocytic and microglial proliferation in the hippocampus of LPS-treated WT mice. These data show that Tβ4 can alleviate the adverse effects of systemic LPS in the brain by preventing exacerbation of amyloid deposition in AD mice and by inducing reactive microgliosis in aging WT mice.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study4

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In LPS-challenged APP/PS1 and wildtype mice, Tβ4 limited LPS-induced weight loss, with a greater effect in APP/PS1 than in wildtype mice.

    In plain wordsIn mice given LPS, Tβ4 limited weight loss, more so in Alzheimer's-model mice than in normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLPS-induced weight loss
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    APP/PS1 and wildtype mice challenged with LPS
    Comparator
    PBS vehicle
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Whole body
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intravenous · once daily for 6 days after 3 doses in the first 4 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment with Tβ4 alleviated sickness symptoms to a greater extent in APP/PS1 than in WT mice by limiting LPS-induced weight loss and inhibition of food burrowing behaviour.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    12.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 30) and their WT littermates (n = 29) were tested for baseline food burrowing performance, spatial working memory and exploratory drive in the spontaneous alternation and open-field tests, prior to being challenged with LPS (100ug/kg, i.v.) or its vehicle phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
    Summary · context
    Tβ4 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) or PBS, was administered immediately following and at 2 and 4 h after the PBS or LPS challenge, and then once daily for 6 days (n = 7-8).
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In LPS-challenged APP/PS1 and wildtype mice, Tβ4 limited LPS-induced inhibition of food burrowing behaviour, with a greater effect in APP/PS1 than in wildtype mice.

    In plain wordsIn mice given LPS, Tβ4 limited the drop in food burrowing, more so in Alzheimer's-model mice than in normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLPS-induced inhibition of food burrowing behaviour
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    APP/PS1 and wildtype mice challenged with LPS
    Comparator
    PBS vehicle
    Outcome group
    Locomotor and behavioral activity · Whole body
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intravenous · once daily for 6 days after 3 doses in the first 4 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment with Tβ4 alleviated sickness symptoms to a greater extent in APP/PS1 than in WT mice by limiting LPS-induced weight loss and inhibition of food burrowing behaviour.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    12.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 30) and their WT littermates (n = 29) were tested for baseline food burrowing performance, spatial working memory and exploratory drive in the spontaneous alternation and open-field tests, prior to being challenged with LPS (100ug/kg, i.v.) or its vehicle phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
    Summary · context
    Tβ4 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) or PBS, was administered immediately following and at 2 and 4 h after the PBS or LPS challenge, and then once daily for 6 days (n = 7-8).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In APP/PS1 mice, Tβ4 prevented LPS-induced amyloid burden.

    In plain wordsIn Alzheimer's-model mice given LPS, Tβ4 prevented the rise in amyloid plaque.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLPS-induced amyloid burden in APP/PS1 mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    APP/PS1 and wildtype mice challenged with LPS
    Comparator
    PBS vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intravenous · once daily for 6 days after 3 doses in the first 4 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    It prevented LPS-induced amyloid burden in APP/PS1 mice
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    12.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 30) and their WT littermates (n = 29) were tested for baseline food burrowing performance, spatial working memory and exploratory drive in the spontaneous alternation and open-field tests, prior to being challenged with LPS (100ug/kg, i.v.) or its vehicle phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
    Summary · context
    Tβ4 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) or PBS, was administered immediately following and at 2 and 4 h after the PBS or LPS challenge, and then once daily for 6 days (n = 7-8).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In LPS-treated wildtype mice, Tβ4 increased astrocytic and microglial proliferation in the hippocampus.

    In plain wordsIn normal mice given LPS, Tβ4 raised the number of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus, a brain area.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAstrocytic and microglial proliferation in hippocampus of LPS-treated WT mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    APP/PS1 and wildtype mice challenged with LPS
    Comparator
    PBS vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intravenous · once daily for 6 days after 3 doses in the first 4 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    increased astrocytic and microglial proliferation in the hippocampus of LPS-treated WT mice.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    12.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 30) and their WT littermates (n = 29) were tested for baseline food burrowing performance, spatial working memory and exploratory drive in the spontaneous alternation and open-field tests, prior to being challenged with LPS (100ug/kg, i.v.) or its vehicle phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
    Summary · context
    Tβ4 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) or PBS, was administered immediately following and at 2 and 4 h after the PBS or LPS challenge, and then once daily for 6 days (n = 7-8).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.