Bioactive fibrous scaffolds with programmable release of polypeptides regulate inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Xiang Z, Guan X, Ma Z, Shi Q, Panteleev M, Ataullakhanov FI

Regenerative biomaterials20 Feb 2023Cited by 19 (Europe PMC)

PMID36852398PMCIDPMC9960911DOI10.1093/rb/rbad010PepBankPUB-36852398

Summary

Inflammation manipulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling for healthy tissue regeneration are critical requirements for tissue engineering scaffolds. To this end, the bioactive polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds are fabricated to release aprotinin and thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in a programmable manner. The core part of the fiber is composed of hyaluronic acid and Tβ4, and the shell is PCL, which is further coated with heparin/gelatin/aprotinin to enhance biocompatibility. The in vitro assay demonstrates that the controlled release of aprotinin prevents initial excessive inflammation. The subsequent release of Tβ4 after 3 days induces the transition of macrophages from M1 into M2 polarization. The manipulation of inflammatory response further controls the expression of transforming growth factor-β and fibroblast activation, which oversee the quantity and quality of ECM remodeling. In addition, the gradual degradation of the scaffold allows cells to proliferate within the platform. In vivo implant evaluation convinces that PCL-based scaffolds possess the high capability to control the inflammatory response and restore the ECM to normal conditions. Hence, our work paves a new way to develop tissue engineering scaffolds for inflammation manipulation and ECM remodeling with peptide-mediated reactions.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In vivo implant evaluation showed that the programmable-release scaffolds controlled the inflammatory response and restored the extracellular matrix to normal conditions.
In plain wordsIn an animal implant test, the scaffold that released aprotinin and Tβ4 helped control inflammation and restore normal tissue matrix.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Direction not reportedInflammatory response and ECM restoration after scaffold implant
Study
n: not reported in source
In vivo implant
Outcome group
Wound healing · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
In vivo implant evaluation convinces that PCL-based scaffolds possess the high capability to control the inflammatory response and restore the ECM to normal conditions.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To this end, the bioactive polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds are fabricated to release aprotinin and thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in a programmable manner.
Summary · context
The core part of the fiber is composed of hyaluronic acid and Tβ4, and the shell is PCL, which is further coated with heparin/gelatin/aprotinin to enhance biocompatibility.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3685239803
02LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In vitro, subsequent release of Tβ4 after 3 days from a scaffold that also released aprotinin induced the transition of macrophages from M1 into M2 polarization.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, a scaffold that released aprotinin first and Tβ4 later switched macrophages from the inflammatory M1 type to the M2 type.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseMacrophage M1 to M2 polarization
Study
n: not reported in source
Macrophages on programmable-release PCL scaffold
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
The subsequent release of Tβ4 after 3 days induces the transition of macrophages from M1 into M2 polarization.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To this end, the bioactive polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds are fabricated to release aprotinin and thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in a programmable manner.
Summary · context
The core part of the fiber is composed of hyaluronic acid and Tβ4, and the shell is PCL, which is further coated with heparin/gelatin/aprotinin to enhance biocompatibility.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3685239801
03LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In vitro, the programmable-release scaffold controlled the expression of transforming growth factor-β and fibroblast activation.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, the scaffold that released aprotinin and Tβ4 in turn controlled TGF-β and fibroblast activation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Direction not reportedTGF-β expression and fibroblast activation
Study
n: not reported in source
Cells on programmable-release PCL scaffold
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
The manipulation of inflammatory response further controls the expression of transforming growth factor-β and fibroblast activation, which oversee the quantity and quality of ECM remodeling.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To this end, the bioactive polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds are fabricated to release aprotinin and thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in a programmable manner.
Summary · context
The core part of the fiber is composed of hyaluronic acid and Tβ4, and the shell is PCL, which is further coated with heparin/gelatin/aprotinin to enhance biocompatibility.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3685239802

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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