Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 130 · 2023

6 results

Combination of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment reduces severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial.

Sandsdal RM, Juhl CR, Jensen SBK, Lundgren JR, Janus C, Blond MB, Rosenkilde M, Bogh AF, Gliemann L, Jensen JB, Antoniades C, Stallknecht BM, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Torekov SS

Cardiovascular diabetology25 Feb 2023Cited by 137 (Europe PMC)

PMID36841762PMCIDPMC9960425DOI10.1186/s12933-023-01765-zPepBankPUB-36841762

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Summary

BackgroundIdentifying and reducing cardiometabolic risks driven by obesity remains a healthcare challenge. The metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity and inflammation and is predictive of long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in otherwise healthy individuals living with obesity. Therefore, we investigated the effects of adherent exercise, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), or the combination on severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation following weight loss.MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. During an 8-week low-calorie diet (800 kcal/day), 195 adults with obesity and without diabetes lost 12% in body weight. Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide). A total of 166 participants completed the trial. We assessed the prespecified secondary outcome metabolic syndrome severity z-score (MetS-Z), abdominal obesity (estimated as android fat via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and inflammation marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.ResultsThe diet-induced weight loss decreased the severity of MetS-Z from 0.57 to 0.06, which was maintained in the placebo and exercise groups after one year. MetS-Z was further decreased by liraglutide (- 0.37, 95% CI - 0.58 to - 0.16, P < 0.001) and the combination treatment (- 0.48, 95% CI - 0.70 to - 0.25, P < 0.001) compared to placebo. Abdominal fat percentage decreased by 2.6, 2.8, and 6.1 percentage points in the exercise, liraglutide, and combination groups compared to placebo, respectively, and hsCRP decreased only in the combination group compared with placebo (by 43%, P = 0.03).ConclusionThe combination of adherent exercise and liraglutide treatment reduced metabolic syndrome severity, abdominal obesity, and inflammation and may therefore reduce cardiometabolic risk more than the individual treatments. Trial registration EudraCT number: 2015-005585-32, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04122716.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study6

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. 3 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with obesity after diet-induced weight loss, liraglutide 3.0 mg/day lowered the metabolic syndrome severity z-score versus placebo (-0.37, P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn adults with obesity who had lost weight, liraglutide lowered a metabolic syndrome severity score more than placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMetabolic syndrome severity z-score (MetS-Z), liraglutide
Study
n = 130
Comparator
Placebo
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cardiometabolic risk factors · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3.0 mg/day · one yearAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
MetS-Z change
0.37
liraglutide vs placebo, decrease
Source sentences
Summary
MetS-Z was further decreased by liraglutide (- 0.37, 95% CI - 0.58 to - 0.16, P < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide).
Summary · context
Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3684176201
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with obesity after diet-induced weight loss, abdominal fat percentage fell by 2.8 percentage points with liraglutide compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with obesity who had lost weight, liraglutide reduced belly fat more than placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAbdominal fat percentage, liraglutide
Study
n = 130
Comparator
Placebo
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3.0 mg/day · one yearAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Abdominal fat decrease
2.8 percentage points
liraglutide vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
Abdominal fat percentage decreased by 2.6, 2.8, and 6.1 percentage points in the exercise, liraglutide, and combination groups compared to placebo, respectively, and hsCRP decreased only in the combination group compared with placebo (by 43%, P = 0.03).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide).
Summary · context
Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3684176202
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with obesity after diet-induced weight loss, hsCRP did not decrease with liraglutide alone compared with placebo; it decreased only in the combination group.
In plain wordsIn adults with obesity who had lost weight, liraglutide alone did not lower an inflammation marker compared with placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changehsCRP, liraglutide
Study
n = 130
Comparator
Placebo
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
3.0 mg/day · one yearAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Abdominal fat percentage decreased by 2.6, 2.8, and 6.1 percentage points in the exercise, liraglutide, and combination groups compared to placebo, respectively, and hsCRP decreased only in the combination group compared with placebo (by 43%, P = 0.03).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide).
Summary · context
Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3684176203

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with obesity after diet-induced weight loss, exercise plus liraglutide lowered the metabolic syndrome severity z-score versus placebo (-0.48, P < 0.001).
In plain wordsIn adults with obesity who had lost weight, exercise plus liraglutide lowered a metabolic syndrome score more than placebo. Liraglutide alone is reported separately.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMetabolic syndrome severity z-score (MetS-Z), exercise plus liraglutide
Study
n = 130
Comparator
Placebo
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cardiometabolic risk factors · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
MetS-Z change
0.48
combination vs placebo, decrease
Source sentences
Summary
and the combination treatment (- 0.48, 95% CI - 0.70 to - 0.25, P < 0.001)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide).
Summary · context
Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3684176204
05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with obesity after diet-induced weight loss, abdominal fat percentage fell by 6.1 percentage points with exercise plus liraglutide compared with placebo.
In plain wordsIn adults with obesity who had lost weight, exercise plus liraglutide reduced belly fat more than placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAbdominal fat percentage, exercise plus liraglutide
Study
n = 130
Comparator
Placebo
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Abdominal fat decrease
6.1 percentage points
combination vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
Abdominal fat percentage decreased by 2.6, 2.8, and 6.1 percentage points in the exercise, liraglutide, and combination groups compared to placebo, respectively, and hsCRP decreased only in the combination group compared with placebo (by 43%, P = 0.03).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide).
Summary · context
Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3684176205
06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with obesity after diet-induced weight loss, hsCRP decreased by 43% with exercise plus liraglutide compared with placebo (P = 0.03).
In plain wordsIn adults with obesity who had lost weight, exercise plus liraglutide lowered an inflammation marker more than placebo.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreasehsCRP, exercise plus liraglutide
Study
n = 130
Comparator
Placebo
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Measurements
hsCRP decrease
43%
combination vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
Abdominal fat percentage decreased by 2.6, 2.8, and 6.1 percentage points in the exercise, liraglutide, and combination groups compared to placebo, respectively, and hsCRP decreased only in the combination group compared with placebo (by 43%, P = 0.03).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Participants were then evenly randomized to four arms of one-year treatment with: placebo, moderate-to-vigorous exercise (minimum of 150 min/week of moderate-intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or an equivalent combination of both), the GLP-1 RA liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or a combination (exercise + liraglutide).
Summary · context
Statistical analysis was performed on 130 participants adherent to the study interventions (per-protocol population) using a mixed linear model.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3684176206

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials2

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

2 trials · 1 ongoing · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

RecruitingPhase not statedNCT07702461

Determination of Resistance Training Status for Patients on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Ohio State Universityn = 30012 Jun 2026 to est. Jan 2027

Obesity & Overweight · Diabetes (DM)

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 24 Jul 2026

Status unknownPhase 4NCT04122716

Combined Effects of GLP-1 Analogue and Exercise on Maintenance of Weight Loss and Health After Very-low Calorie Diet

Signe Torekovn = 215Sept 2016 to est. Nov 2021

Obesity

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 2 Nov 2020

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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