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Study · Systematic review · 2023

9 results

Glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists and A1c: Good for the heart but less so for the eyes?

Albert SG, Wood EM, Ahir V

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome28 Dec 2022Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID36596264 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102696 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-36596264
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials, parenteral semaglutide was associated with an increased relative rate of retinopathy (1.73).

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis of trials, semaglutide injections were linked to more diabetic retinopathy worsening than comparators.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiabetic retinopathy relative rate, parenteral semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Relative rate of retinopathy
    1.73 rr
    parenteral semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    with only an increase with parenteral semaglutide (rr = 1.73; 1.10:2.71, p = 0.02).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In a meta-analysis, retinopathy change was mostly found with subcutaneous semaglutide given for more than 1 year (relative rate 1.559).

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis of trials, worsening retinopathy was mostly seen with semaglutide injections given for more than a year.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseDiabetic retinopathy relative rate, subcutaneous semaglutide over 1 year
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Relative rate of retinopathy
    1.559 rr
    subcutaneous semaglutide >1 year

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The change in DR was predominantly found for subcutaneous semaglutide given for >1 year (rr = 1.559,1.068,2.276, p = 0.022
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.
  3. 03HumanSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In a meta-analysis, the computed number needed to harm for worsening retinopathy with semaglutide was 77.

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis, about one extra case of retinopathy worsening was computed for every 77 people treated with semaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableNumber needed to harm for retinopathy with semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Number needed to harm
    77 persons
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The computation for semaglutide was NNH = 77 and NNT = 43.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.
  4. 04HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis, the computed number needed to treat to prevent one major adverse cardiovascular event with semaglutide was 43.

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis, about one heart event was prevented for every 43 people treated with semaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseNumber needed to treat for MACE with semaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Number needed to treat
    43 persons
    semaglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The computation for semaglutide was NNH = 77 and NNT = 43.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  1. 05HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials, the pooled GLP-1 receptor agonist class showed no increase in the relative rate of retinopathy (1.09).

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis of trials, GLP-1 drugs as a class did not raise the rate of retinopathy.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeDiabetic retinopathy relative rate, GLP-1 RA class
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye

    Measurements

    Relative rate of retinopathy
    1.09 rr
    GLP-1 RA class

    Source sentences

    Summary
    For the GLP1-RA class, there was no increase in the relative rate (rr) for retinopathy (rr = 1.09,95%CI; 0.925,1.289, p = 0.30)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  2. 06HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-regression of GLP-1 RA trials, decreases in A1c correlated with decreases in major adverse cardiovascular events.

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis of GLP-1 drug trials, bigger A1c falls went with fewer heart events.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableCorrelation of A1c decrease with MACE decrease
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    MR showed that decreases in A1c correlated with decreases in MACE (log rr = 0.364∗(Δ A1c), p = 0.014)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 07HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In a meta-regression of GLP-1 RA trials, the link between A1c decrease and increased retinopathy was not statistically significant (p = 0.076).

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis of GLP-1 drug trials, the link between A1c falls and more retinopathy was not statistically significant.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeCorrelation of A1c decrease with retinopathy
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but increases in DR (log rr= (-0.67∗(ΔA1c), p = 0.076).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  4. 08HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome

    In a meta-analysis, the GLP-1 RA class had a rate difference of 0.001 for worsening retinopathy, a number needed to harm of 1000.

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis, GLP-1 drugs as a class were linked to about one extra case of retinopathy worsening per 1000 people treated.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseRate difference and number needed to harm for retinopathy, GLP-1 RA class
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Eye

    Measurements

    Rate difference
    0.001
    retinopathy, GLP-1 RA class
    Number needed to harm
    1000 persons
    GLP-1 RA class

    Source sentences

    Summary
    For the class of GLP1-RA, the rate difference (rd) for worsening retinopathy was = 0.001 (and number needed to harm [NNH] = 1000)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  5. 09HumanNot a test of Semaglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In a meta-analysis, the GLP-1 RA class had a rate difference of -0.013 for major adverse cardiovascular events, a number needed to treat of 77.

    In plain wordsIn a pooled analysis, GLP-1 drugs as a class prevented about one heart event per 77 people treated.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseRate difference and number needed to treat for MACE, GLP-1 RA class
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular

    Measurements

    Rate difference
    −0.013
    MACE, GLP-1 RA class
    Number needed to treat
    77 persons
    GLP-1 RA class

    Source sentences

    Summary
    compared with rd for MACE = -0.013 (number needed to treat [NNT] = 77)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Meta-analyses and meta-regressions (MR) were performed on the 7 major cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOTs) (n = 56004 patients) of GLP1-RA.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  2. Version 2

    11 Oct 2026, 00:50 UTC

    Study results updated

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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