SS31 Confers Cerebral Protection by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Early Brain Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, via the Nrf2- and PGC-1α-Dependent Pathways.

Zhou J, Shen R, Makale EC, Zhong W, Chen Z, Huang Q

Neurochemical research27 Dec 2022Cited by 11 (Europe PMC)

PMID36574150DOI10.1007/s11064-022-03850-3PepBankPUB-36574150

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

11 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 administration decreased reactive oxygen species.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 lowered reactive oxygen species.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseReactive oxygen species
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
SS31 administration decreased redundant reactive oxygen species, alleviated lipid peroxidation, and elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415001
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 administration alleviated lipid peroxidation.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 reduced lipid peroxidation.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseLipid peroxidation
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
SS31 administration decreased redundant reactive oxygen species, alleviated lipid peroxidation, and elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415002
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 administration elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 raised the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseAntioxidant enzyme activities
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
SS31 administration decreased redundant reactive oxygen species, alleviated lipid peroxidation, and elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415003
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 attenuated neurological deficits.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 reduced neurological deficits.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseNeurological deficits
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Concomitant with the inhibited oxidative insult, SS31 dramatically attenuated neurological deficits, cerebral edema, neural apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption following SAH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415004
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 attenuated cerebral edema.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 reduced brain swelling.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseCerebral edema
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Concomitant with the inhibited oxidative insult, SS31 dramatically attenuated neurological deficits, cerebral edema, neural apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption following SAH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415005
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 attenuated neural apoptosis.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 reduced nerve cell death.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseNeural apoptosis
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Concomitant with the inhibited oxidative insult, SS31 dramatically attenuated neurological deficits, cerebral edema, neural apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption following SAH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415006
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 attenuated blood-brain barrier disruption.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 reduced damage to the blood-brain barrier.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
DecreaseBlood-brain barrier disruption
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Concomitant with the inhibited oxidative insult, SS31 dramatically attenuated neurological deficits, cerebral edema, neural apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption following SAH.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415007
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 promoted Nrf2 nuclear shuttle.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 increased movement of the Nrf2 protein into the cell nucleus.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseNrf2 nuclear shuttle
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, SS31 remarkably promoted nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear shuttle
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415008
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and NQO1.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 raised the levels of two protective enzymes.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreaseHO-1 and NQO1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
upregulated the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinine oxidoreductase1.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415009
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 enhanced the expression of PGC-1alpha and its target genes.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 raised the expression of PGC-1alpha and its target genes.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreasePGC-1alpha and target gene expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Additionally, SS31 enhanced the expression levels of PGC-1α and its target genes
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415010
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
After subarachnoid hemorrhage, SS31 increased the mtDNA copy number.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, SS31 increased the number of mitochondrial DNA copies.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
IncreasemtDNA copy number
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
and increased the mtDNA copy number, promoting mitochondrial function.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
Report a problemFND-3657415011

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).

12AnimalNot a test of Elamipretide (SS-31) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
Pretreatment with the PGC-1alpha inhibitor SR-18292 suppressed SS31-induced Nrf2 expression and reversed the neuroprotective and antioxidant roles of SS31.
In plain wordsIn animals with brain bleeding, a PGC-1alpha blocker cancelled the protective and antioxidant effects of SS31.
Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Outcome
Not applicableSS31 effects with PGC-1alpha inhibitor SR-18292
Study
n: not reported in source
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, early brain injury
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
However, PGC-1α-specific inhibitor SR-18292 pretreatment dramatically suppressed SS31-induced Nrf2 expression and PGC-1α activation. Furthermore, pretreatment with SR-18292 reversed the neuroprotective and antioxidant roles of SS31.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SS31 by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction in EBI following SAH, via activating the Nrf2 signaling and PGC-1α pathways.
In this study, Elamipretide (SS-31) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Elamipretide (SS-31).
Report a problemFND-3657415012

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

Keywords

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.