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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2023

11 results

Thymosin β4, a potential marker of malignancy and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Wang WC, Zhang XF, Tang EJ, Li AJ, Chen L, Wang JQ, Ma JY, Zhang XF, Sun B

Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology21 Oct 2022Cited by 2 (Europe PMC)

PMID36269095 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1080/00365521.2022.2136012 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-36269095
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured11

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    The level of serum Tβ4 was significantly elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

    In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 level in blood was higher in people with liver cancer.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSerum Tβ4 level in HCC patients
    Study

    n = 540

    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    More important, the level of serum Tβ4 was significantly elevated in HCC patients.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    The AUROC of serum Tβ4 for hepatocellular carcinoma was larger than that of serum AFP.

    In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 in blood separated liver cancer from non-cancer better than the standard marker AFP.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableDiagnostic AUROC of serum Tβ4 versus AFP
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Serum AFP
    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Measurements

    AUROC
    0.908
    serum Tβ4
    AUROC
    0.712
    serum AFP

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The AUROC showed the optimum diagnostic cut-off was 1063.6 ng/mL, ROC and 95% CI of Tβ4 (0.908; 0.880-0.935) were larger than that of serum AFP (0.712; 0.662-0.762; p < 0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    The sensitivity of serum Tβ4 was higher than that of alpha-fetoprotein.

    In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 in blood found more liver cancer cases than the standard marker AFP.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableSensitivity of serum Tβ4 versus AFP
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Serum AFP
    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Measurements

    Sensitivity
    91.3%
    serum Tβ4
    Sensitivity
    83.1%
    AFP

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The sensitivity (91.3% vs 83.1%)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    The specificity of serum Tβ4 was higher than that of alpha-fetoprotein.

    In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 in blood wrongly flagged fewer people without liver cancer than the standard marker AFP.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableSpecificity of serum Tβ4 versus AFP
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Serum AFP
    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Measurements

    Specificity
    81.2%
    serum Tβ4
    Specificity
    20.3%
    AFP

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The sensitivity (91.3% vs 83.1%) and specificity (81.2% vs 20.3%) of serum Tβ4 were higher than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma, the sensitivity of serum Tβ4 could reach 80.5%.

    In plain wordsIn liver cancer cases that the AFP marker missed, the body's own Tβ4 in blood still found most cases.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableSensitivity of serum Tβ4 in AFP-negative HCC
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Measurements

    Sensitivity
    80.5%
    AFP-negative HCC

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In AFP-negative HCC, the sensitivity could reach to 80.5%.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  6. 06HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Serum Tβ4 performed better than AFP in distinguishing early-stage and small hepatocellular carcinoma.

    In plain wordsThe body's own Tβ4 in blood was better than AFP at telling early-stage and small liver cancers apart.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableSerum Tβ4 versus AFP for early-stage and small HCC
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Serum AFP
    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ROC analysis showed serum Tβ4 had a better performance compared with AFP in distinguishing early-stage and small HCC.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  7. 07HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Tβ4 correlated with TNM stage and vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    In plain wordsHigher levels of the body's own Tβ4 were linked to a more advanced cancer stage and to cancer growing into blood vessels.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableCorrelation of Tβ4 with TNM stage and vascular invasion
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 is correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.016) and vascular invasion (p = 0.005).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  8. 08HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    The survival time of Tβ4-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was shorter.

    In plain wordsPeople with liver cancer who were positive for the body's own Tβ4 lived for a shorter time.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseSurvival time of Tβ4-positive patients
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Survival analysis indicated the survival time of Tβ4 positive patients was shorter (p < 0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  9. 09HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Cox analysis suggested that Tβ4 could be an independent prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.

    In plain wordsStatistical analysis suggested that the body's own Tβ4 level predicts liver cancer outcome on its own.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTβ4 as independent prognostic factor for HCC
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Cancer biomarkers and prognosis · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cox analysis suggested Tβ4 could be an independent factor for HCC prognosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  10. 10LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    The expression of Tβ4 was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tissues.

    In plain wordsIn cells and tissue samples, the body's own Tβ4 was higher in liver cancer than in comparison samples.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTβ4 expression in HCC cells and tissues
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    HCC cells and tissues
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The expression of Tβ4 was detected up-regulating in HCC cells and tissues
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  11. 11LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    Up-regulated Tβ4 enhanced the motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

    In plain wordsIn cells, higher levels of the body's own Tβ4 made liver cancer cells move more.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMotility of HCC cells with Tβ4 up-regulation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    HCC cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The expression of Tβ4 was detected up-regulating in HCC cells and tissues which enhanced motility of HCC cells.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    540 subjects, including 274 HCC, 119 liver cirrhosis, 89 hepatitis, and 58 healthy volunteers were enrolled.
    Summary · context
    MALDI-TOF MS was used to select potential novel biomarkers from serum of HCC patients.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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