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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · pig · 2022

5 results

Effects of Elamipretide on Autophagy in Renal Cells of Pigs with Metabolic Syndrome.

Hong S, Ghandriz R, Siddiqi S, Zhu XY, Saadiq IM, Jordan KL, Tang H, Ali KA, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO

Cells16 Sept 2022Cited by 6 (Europe PMC)

PMID36139466 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC9496989 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/cells11182891 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-36139466
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Summary

Autophagy eliminates excessive nutrients and maintains homeostasis. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) dysregulate autophagy, possibly partly due to mitochondria injury and inflammation. Elamipretide (ELAM) improves mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that MetS blunts kidney autophagy, which ELAM would restore. Domestic pigs were fed a control or MetS-inducing diet for 16 weeks. During the 4 last weeks, MetS pigs received subcutaneous injections of ELAM (0.1 mg/kg/day, MetS + ELAM) or vehicle (MetS), and kidneys were then harvested to measure protein expression of autophagy mediators and apoptosis. Systemic and renal venous levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured to calculate renal release. The function of isolated mitochondria was assessed by oxidative stress, energy production, and pro-apoptotic activity. MetS slightly downregulated renal expression of autophagy mediators including p62, ATG5-12, mTOR, and AMPK vs. control. Increased mitochondrial H2O2 production accompanied decreased ATP production, elevated apoptosis, and renal fibrosis. In MetS + ELAM, mito-protection restored autophagic protein expression, improved mitochondrial energetics, and blunted renal cytokine release and fibrosis. In vitro, mitoprotection restored mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced oxidative stress in injured proximal tubular epithelial cells. Our study suggests that swine MetS mildly affects renal autophagy, possibly secondary to mitochondrial damage, and may contribute to kidney structural damage in MetS.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study5

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide restored renal expression of autophagic proteins.

    In plain wordsIn pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide restored kidney levels of proteins that drive autophagy.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseRenal autophagic protein expression
    Study

    pign: not reported in source

    pigs with diet-induced metabolic syndrome
    Comparator
    MetS pigs given vehicle
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    0.1 mg/kg/day · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (pig).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In MetS + ELAM, mito-protection restored autophagic protein expression
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    During the 4 last weeks, MetS pigs received subcutaneous injections of ELAM (0.1 mg/kg/day, MetS + ELAM) or vehicle (MetS), and kidneys were then harvested to measure protein expression of autophagy mediators and apoptosis.
    Summary · context
    Domestic pigs were fed a control or MetS-inducing diet for 16 weeks.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide improved mitochondrial energetics in the kidney.

    In plain wordsIn pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide improved energy production in kidney mitochondria.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseRenal mitochondrial energetics
    Study

    pign: not reported in source

    pigs with diet-induced metabolic syndrome
    Comparator
    MetS pigs given vehicle
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    0.1 mg/kg/day · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (pig).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    improved mitochondrial energetics, and blunted renal cytokine release and fibrosis.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Domestic pigs were fed a control or MetS-inducing diet for 16 weeks.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide blunted renal release of inflammatory cytokines.

    In plain wordsIn pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide reduced release of inflammatory signals from the kidney.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseRenal cytokine release
    Study

    pign: not reported in source

    pigs with diet-induced metabolic syndrome
    Comparator
    MetS pigs given vehicle
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    0.1 mg/kg/day · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (pig).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    blunted renal cytokine release and fibrosis.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Domestic pigs were fed a control or MetS-inducing diet for 16 weeks.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide blunted renal fibrosis.

    In plain wordsIn pigs with metabolic syndrome, elamipretide reduced scarring in the kidney.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseRenal fibrosis
    Study

    pign: not reported in source

    pigs with diet-induced metabolic syndrome
    Comparator
    MetS pigs given vehicle
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    0.1 mg/kg/day · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (pig).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    blunted renal cytokine release and fibrosis
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Domestic pigs were fed a control or MetS-inducing diet for 16 weeks.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In injured proximal tubular epithelial cells, mitoprotection restored mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced oxidative stress.

    In plain wordsIn cells, mitochondrial protection restored membrane potential and lowered oxidative stress in injured kidney tubule cells.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    MixedMitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress in tubular cells
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    injured proximal tubular epithelial cells
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In vitro, mitoprotection restored mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced oxidative stress in injured proximal tubular epithelial cells.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Elamipretide (ELAM) improves mitochondrial function.
    Summary · context
    Domestic pigs were fed a control or MetS-inducing diet for 16 weeks.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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