Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Bebu I, Burch HB, Buse JB, Cherrington AL, Fortmann SP, Green JB, Kahn SE, Kirkman MS, Krause-Steinrauf H, Larkin ME and 7 more

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Phillips LS, Pop-Busui R, Steffes M, Tiktin M, Tripputi M, Wexler DJ, Younes N

The New England journal of medicine1 Sept 2022Cited by 122 (Europe PMC)

PMID36129997PMCIDPMC9832916DOI10.1056/nejmoa2200436PepBankPUB-36129997

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. 9 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, hypertension development did not differ materially among liraglutide, glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin over a mean 5.0 years.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, new high blood pressure was about the same with liraglutide as with the other three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeHypertension development
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
there were no material differences among the interventions with respect to the development of hypertension or dyslipidemia
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999701
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, dyslipidemia development did not differ materially among liraglutide, glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, new lipid problems were about the same with liraglutide as with the other three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDyslipidemia development
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
there were no material differences among the interventions with respect to the development of hypertension or dyslipidemia
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999702
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, microvascular outcomes did not differ materially among liraglutide, glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, kidney and nerve complications were about the same with liraglutide as with the other three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeMicrovascular outcomes (albuminuria, renal impairment, neuropathy)
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
there were no material differences among the interventions with respect to the development of hypertension or dyslipidemia or with respect to microvascular outcomes
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999703
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, MACE did not differ among the four treatment groups, including liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, major heart and vessel events were about the same with liraglutide as with the other three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeMajor adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The treatment groups did not differ with respect to MACE (overall rate, 1.0), hospitalization for heart failure (0.4), death from cardiovascular causes (0.3), or all deaths (0.6).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999704
05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, hospitalization for heart failure did not differ among the four treatment groups, including liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, hospital stays for heart failure were about the same with liraglutide as with the other three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeHospitalization for heart failure
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The treatment groups did not differ with respect to MACE (overall rate, 1.0), hospitalization for heart failure (0.4), death from cardiovascular causes (0.3), or all deaths (0.6).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999705
06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, death from cardiovascular causes did not differ among the four treatment groups, including liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, deaths from heart and vessel causes were about the same with liraglutide as with the other three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeDeath from cardiovascular causes
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The treatment groups did not differ with respect to MACE (overall rate, 1.0), hospitalization for heart failure (0.4), death from cardiovascular causes (0.3), or all deaths (0.6).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999706
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, all-cause death did not differ among the four treatment groups, including liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, deaths from any cause were about the same with liraglutide as with the other three drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAll-cause death
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Mortality · Whole body
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The treatment groups did not differ with respect to MACE (overall rate, 1.0), hospitalization for heart failure (0.4), death from cardiovascular causes (0.3), or all deaths (0.6).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999707
08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the rate of any cardiovascular disease was lowest in the liraglutide group (1.4) versus glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide had the lowest rate of any heart or vessel disease among the four drugs.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseRate of any cardiovascular disease
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Insulin glargine, glimepiride and sitagliptin
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Rate of any cardiovascular disease
1.4 events per 100 participant-years
liraglutide
Source sentences
Summary
There were small differences with respect to rates of any cardiovascular disease, with 1.9, 1.9, 1.4, and 2.0 in the glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin groups, respectively.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999708
09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, liraglutide was linked to a lower hazard of any cardiovascular disease than the combined other three treatments (hazard ratio 0.7).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide was linked to fewer heart or vessel disease events than the three other drugs combined.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAny cardiovascular disease, hazard ratio versus the other three treatments combined
Study
n = 5,047
Comparator
Other three treatments combined
Analysis
Secondary
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · mean 5.0 years follow-upAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Hazard ratio, any cardiovascular disease
0.7 HR
liraglutide vs combined other three
Source sentences
Summary
When one treatment was compared with the combined results of the other three treatments, the hazard ratios for any cardiovascular disease were 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.3) in the glargine group, 1.1 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.4) in the glimepiride group, 0.7 (95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9) in the liraglutide group
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
The randomly assigned therapies were insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin.
Report a problemFND-3612999709

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01794143

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GRADE Study Groupn = 7,850May 2013 to 30 Apr 2021

Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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