Skip to content

Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 5,047 · 2022

9 results

Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Glycemic Outcomes.

Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Balasubramanyam A, Burch HB, Buse JB, Butera NM, Cohen RM, Crandall JP, Kahn SE, Krause-Steinrauf H, Larkin ME, Rasouli N, Tiktin M, Wexler DJ, Younes N

The New England journal of medicine1 Sept 2022Cited by 168 (Europe PMC)

PMID36129996 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC9829320 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1056/nejmoa2200433 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-36129996
Source linkPubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 9 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. 9 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the rate of confirmed HbA1c of 7.0% or higher was similar with liraglutide and glargine.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, liraglutide and insulin glargine kept HbA1c under 7.0% about equally well.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeHbA1c 7.0% or higher, liraglutide versus glargine
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Insulin glargine
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Incidence of HbA1c >=7.0%
    26.1 per 100 participant-years
    liraglutide
    Incidence of HbA1c >=7.0%
    26.5 per 100 participant-years
    glargine

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The cumulative incidence of a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.0% or higher (the primary metabolic outcome) differed significantly among the four groups (P<0.001 for a global test of differences across groups); the rates with glargine (26.5 per 100 participant-years) and liraglutide (26.1) were simila…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the rate of confirmed HbA1c of 7.0% or higher was lower with liraglutide than with glimepiride.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, fewer people on liraglutide than on glimepiride had HbA1c reach 7.0% or higher.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c 7.0% or higher, liraglutide versus glimepiride
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Glimepiride
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Incidence of HbA1c >=7.0%
    26.1 per 100 participant-years
    liraglutide
    Incidence of HbA1c >=7.0%
    30.4 per 100 participant-years
    glimepiride

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The cumulative incidence of a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.0% or higher (the primary metabolic outcome) differed significantly among the four groups (P<0.001 for a global test of differences across groups); the rates with glargine (26.5 per 100 participant-years) and liraglutide (26.1) were simila…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the rate of confirmed HbA1c of 7.0% or higher was lower with liraglutide than with sitagliptin.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, fewer people on liraglutide than on sitagliptin had HbA1c reach 7.0% or higher.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c 7.0% or higher, liraglutide versus sitagliptin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Incidence of HbA1c >=7.0%
    26.1 per 100 participant-years
    liraglutide
    Incidence of HbA1c >=7.0%
    38.1 per 100 participant-years
    sitagliptin

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The cumulative incidence of a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.0% or higher (the primary metabolic outcome) differed significantly among the four groups (P<0.001 for a global test of differences across groups); the rates with glargine (26.5 per 100 participant-years) and liraglutide (26.1) were simila…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, group differences in confirmed HbA1c above 7.5% paralleled those of the primary outcome.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, differences between the drugs for HbA1c above 7.5% followed the same pattern as for 7.0%.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    MixedHbA1c above 7.5% (secondary outcome)
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The differences among the groups with respect to a glycated hemoglobin level greater than 7.5% (the secondary outcome) paralleled those of the primary outcome.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, severe hypoglycemia was rare with liraglutide and significantly less frequent than with glimepiride.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, severe low blood sugar was rare with liraglutide and less common than with glimepiride.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseSevere hypoglycemia
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Glimepiride
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Severe hypoglycemia
    1%
    liraglutide
    Severe hypoglycemia
    2.2%
    glimepiride

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Severe hypoglycemia was rare but significantly more frequent with glimepiride (in 2.2% of the participants) than with glargine (1.3%), liraglutide (1.0%), or sitagliptin (0.7%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, participants who received liraglutide reported more frequent gastrointestinal side effects than those in the other treatment groups.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, people on liraglutide reported more stomach and gut side effects than people on the other drugs.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseGastrointestinal side effects
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Participants who received liraglutide reported more frequent gastrointestinal side effects
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, participants who received liraglutide lost more weight than those in the other treatment groups.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, people on liraglutide lost more weight than people on the other drugs.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseWeight loss
    Study

    n = 5,047

    Comparator
    Glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin
    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and lost more weight than those in the other treatment groups.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin and higher baseline HbA1c, liraglutide appeared to give greater benefit than sitagliptin.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin and higher starting HbA1c, liraglutide appeared to work better than sitagliptin.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c 7.0% or higher in participants with higher baseline HbA1c
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Sitagliptin
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    among participants with higher baseline glycated hemoglobin levels there appeared to be an even greater benefit with glargine, liraglutide, and glimepiride than with sitagliptin.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.
  9. 09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, differences between the treatments in the primary outcome did not vary materially across subgroups by sex, age or race or ethnic group.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin, results for the primary outcome were similar across sex, age and race or ethnic groups.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeHbA1c 7.0% or higher across subgroups of sex, age and race or ethnic group
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Glargine, glimepiride, sitagliptin
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 5.0 years (mean follow-up)As given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no material differences with respect to the primary outcome across prespecified subgroups defined according to sex, age, or race or ethnic group
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications.
    Summary · context
    We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 3Results postedNCT01794143

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GRADE Study Groupn = 7,850May 2013 to 30 Apr 2021

Type 2 Diabetes · Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 10 Feb 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.