Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Wu S, He Y, Wu Y, Ji Y, Hou L, Liu X, Ge Y, Yu Y, Yu Y, Wei Y, Qian F, Luo Q and 7 more

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Feng Y, Feng Y, Wang J, Huo M, Li H, Xue F, Liu Y

Frontiers in endocrinology11 Aug 2022Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID36034458PMCIDPMC9402979DOI10.3389/fendo.2022.897776PepBankPUB-36034458

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Summary

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes is more common in adults, but is becoming the major concern in children and adolescent recently. This study aimed to provide additional pharmaceutical management for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes by assessing the efficacy and safety of several glucose-lowering drugs.MethodsSearches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov that reported the efficacy and safety of drugs for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Pooled effects were calculated by frequentist fixed effects network meta-analyses and additive network meta-analyses.ResultsA total of 12 trials assessing eight glucose-lowering drugs were included, which compose of seven trials with monotherapy and five trials with combination therapies. Network meta-analysis results showed compared to placebo, saxagliptin+metformin (mean difference (MD) -1.91% [-2.85%, -0.97%]), liraglutide+metformin (MD -1.45% [-1.65%, -1.26%]), and liraglutide (MD -0.90% [-1.35%, -0.45%]) were the top 3 drugs that significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Sitagliptin+metformin, dapagliflozin, exenatide-2mcg, linagliptin-5mg, metformin, exenatide-5/10mcg, glimepiride, and sitagliptin also showed significant reduction in HbA1c. There were no significant differences between treatments in the incidence of adverse events, except that liraglutide+metformin had significant adverse effect such as abdominal pain. In addition, dapagliflozin, sitagliptin+metformin, and saxagliptin+metformin showed better efficacy compared with FDA-approved drugs.ConclusionsThe top 10 treatments of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged 10-17 years were saxagliptin+metformin, liraglutide+metformin, liraglutide, dapagliflozin, exenatide-2 mcg, sitagliptin+metformin, linagliptin-5 mg, linagliptin-1 mg, metformin, and exenatide-5/10 mcg.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=284897, identifier CRD42021284897.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study4

1 result from studies that gave the peptide. 1 result from people.

01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, network meta-analysis showed liraglutide reduced HbA1c versus placebo (mean difference -0.90%).
In plain wordsIn children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide lowered HbA1c more than placebo in a pooled analysis of trials.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c mean difference versus placebo
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
HbA1c mean difference
−0.9%
liraglutide vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
and liraglutide (MD -0.90% [-1.35%, -0.45%]) were the top 3 drugs that significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Network meta-analysis results showed compared to placebo
Summary · context
A total of 12 trials assessing eight glucose-lowering drugs were included, which compose of seven trials with monotherapy and five trials with combination therapies.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3603445801

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

02HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome
In children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, network meta-analysis showed liraglutide plus metformin reduced HbA1c versus placebo (mean difference -1.45%).
In plain wordsIn children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin lowered HbA1c more than placebo in a pooled analysis of trials.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c mean difference versus placebo, liraglutide plus metformin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Placebo
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
HbA1c mean difference
−1.45%
liraglutide+metformin vs placebo
Source sentences
Summary
liraglutide+metformin (MD -1.45% [-1.65%, -1.26%])
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Network meta-analysis results showed compared to placebo
Summary · context
A total of 12 trials assessing eight glucose-lowering drugs were included, which compose of seven trials with monotherapy and five trials with combination therapies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3603445802
03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, network meta-analysis found no significant differences between treatments in adverse event incidence, except for liraglutide plus metformin.
In plain wordsIn children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, a pooled analysis found similar side effect rates across the treatments compared, except for liraglutide plus metformin.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeIncidence of adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other treatments in the network
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
There were no significant differences between treatments in the incidence of adverse events, except that liraglutide+metformin had significant adverse effect such as abdominal pain.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A total of 12 trials assessing eight glucose-lowering drugs were included, which compose of seven trials with monotherapy and five trials with combination therapies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3603445803
04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewSafety outcome
In children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin had a significant adverse effect such as abdominal pain in the network meta-analysis.
In plain wordsIn children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide plus metformin was linked to more side effects such as abdominal pain in a pooled analysis.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseAbdominal pain with liraglutide plus metformin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Other treatments in the network
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
There were no significant differences between treatments in the incidence of adverse events, except that liraglutide+metformin had significant adverse effect such as abdominal pain.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A total of 12 trials assessing eight glucose-lowering drugs were included, which compose of seven trials with monotherapy and five trials with combination therapies.
In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3603445804

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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