Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves spermatogenic function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice via modulating the glycolysis pathway.

Ma D, Hu L, Wang J, Luo M, Liang A, Lei X, Liao B, Li M, Xie M, Li H, Gong Y, Zi D, Li X, Chen X, Liao X

Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica1 Aug 2022Cited by 19 (Europe PMC)

PMID35929593PMCIDPMC9828322DOI10.3724/abbs.2022099PepBankPUB-35929593

Summary

Spermatogenic dysfunction is one of the major secondary complications of diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined, and there is no available drug or strategy for the radical treatment of diabetic spermatogenic dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results show that oral administration of NMN significantly increases the body and testis weight and the number of sperms. Moreover, the abnormal sperm count and the rate of sperm malformation are significantly decreased compared with the saline-treated diabetic mice. Histological analysis reveals that NMN treatment significantly increases the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, accompanied by an increased number of spermatogenic cells and sperms. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR results show that NMN increases Bcl-2 expression and decreases Bax expression in the testis. NMN also increases the protein expression of Vimentin and the mRNA expressions of WT1 and GATA4. In addition, qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry results also show that NMN increases the expressions of glycolysis-related rate-limiting enzymes including HK2, PKM2, and LDHA. In summary, this study demonstrates the protective effects of NMN on the testis in an STZ-induced diabetic mice model. NMN exerts its protective effects via reducing spermatogenic cell apoptosis by regulating glycolysis of Sertoli cells in diabetic mice. This study provides an experimental basis for the future clinical application of NMN in diabetes-induced spermatogenic dysfunction.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study16

16 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN significantly increased body weight.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased body weight.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseBody weight
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
The results show that oral administration of NMN significantly increases the body and testis weight and the number of sperms.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959301
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN significantly increased testis weight.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased testis weight.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseTestis weight
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
The results show that oral administration of NMN significantly increases the body and testis weight and the number of sperms.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959302
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN significantly increased sperm number.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased sperm number.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseSperm number
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
The results show that oral administration of NMN significantly increases the body and testis weight and the number of sperms.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Histological analysis reveals that NMN treatment significantly increases the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, accompanied by an increased number of spermatogenic cells and sperms.
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959303
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN significantly reduced abnormal sperm count compared with saline treatment.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN reduced abnormal sperm count compared with saline.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseAbnormal sperm count
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Comparator
saline-treated diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, the abnormal sperm count and the rate of sperm malformation are significantly decreased compared with the saline-treated diabetic mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959304
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN significantly reduced sperm malformation rate compared with saline treatment.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN reduced sperm malformation rate compared with saline.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseSperm malformation rate
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Comparator
saline-treated diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, the abnormal sperm count and the rate of sperm malformation are significantly decreased compared with the saline-treated diabetic mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959305
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN significantly increased seminiferous tubule area.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased seminiferous tubule area.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseSeminiferous tubule area
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Histological analysis reveals that NMN treatment significantly increases the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, accompanied by an increased number of spermatogenic cells and sperms.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959306
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN significantly increased seminiferous tubule diameter.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased seminiferous tubule diameter.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseSeminiferous tubule diameter
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Histological analysis reveals that NMN treatment significantly increases the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, accompanied by an increased number of spermatogenic cells and sperms.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959307
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic mice, NMN increased spermatogenic cell number.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased the number of sperm-producing cells.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseSpermatogenic cell number
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Histological analysis reveals that NMN treatment significantly increases the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, accompanied by an increased number of spermatogenic cells and sperms.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959308
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN increased testicular Bcl-2 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased Bcl-2 expression in the testis.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseTesticular Bcl-2 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR results show that NMN increases Bcl-2 expression and decreases Bax expression in the testis.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959309
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN decreased testicular Bax expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN reduced Bax expression in the testis.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
DecreaseTesticular Bax expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR results show that NMN increases Bcl-2 expression and decreases Bax expression in the testis.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959310
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN increased Vimentin protein expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased Vimentin protein expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseVimentin protein expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN also increases the protein expression of Vimentin and the mRNA expressions of WT1 and GATA4.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959311
12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN increased WT1 mRNA expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased WT1 gene expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseWT1 mRNA expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN also increases the protein expression of Vimentin and the mRNA expressions of WT1 and GATA4.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959312
13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN increased GATA4 mRNA expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased GATA4 gene expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseGATA4 mRNA expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
NMN also increases the protein expression of Vimentin and the mRNA expressions of WT1 and GATA4.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959313
14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN increased HK2 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased HK2 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseHK2 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry results also show that NMN increases the expressions of glycolysis-related rate-limiting enzymes including HK2, PKM2, and LDHA.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959314
15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN increased PKM2 expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased PKM2 expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreasePKM2 expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry results also show that NMN increases the expressions of glycolysis-related rate-limiting enzymes including HK2, PKM2, and LDHA.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959315
16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In diabetic mice, NMN increased LDHA expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, NMN increased LDHA expression.
Peptide
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)
Outcome
IncreaseLDHA expression
Study
mousen: not reported in source
streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (mouse).
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry results also show that NMN increases the expressions of glycolysis-related rate-limiting enzymes including HK2, PKM2, and LDHA.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3592959316

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Terms as the source lists them.

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Keywords

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