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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2022

7 results

BPC 157, L-NAME, L-Arginine, NO-Relation, in the Suited Rat Ketamine Models Resembling "Negative-Like" Symptoms of Schizophrenia.

Zemba Cilic A, Zemba M, Cilic M, Strbe S, Ilic S, Vukojevic J, Zoricic Z, Filipcic I, Kokot A, Smoday IM, Rukavina I, Boban Blagaic A and 7 more

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Tvrdeic A, Duplancic B, Stambolija V, Marcinko D, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P

Biomedicines21 Jun 2022Cited by 11 (Europe PMC)

PMID35884767 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC9313087 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/biomedicines10071462 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-35884767
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Summary

We attempted throughout the NO-system to achieve the particular counteraction of the ketamine-induced resembling "negative-like" schizophrenia symptoms in rats using pentadecapeptide BPC 157, and NO-agents, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), and/or L-arginine, triple application. This might be the find out the NO-system organized therapy (i.e., simultaneously implied NO-system blockade (L-NAME) vs. NO-system over-stimulation (L-arginine) vs. NO-system immobilization (L-NAME+L-arginine)). The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal). Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations). BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-cognition dysfunction, social withdrawal, and anhedonia, and exerted additional anxiolytic effect. L-NAME (antagonization, social withdrawal) and L-arginine (antagonization, cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia) both included worsening cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia, and anxiogenic effect (L-NAME), social withdrawal, and anxiogenic effect (L-arginine). Thus, ketamine-induced resembling "negative-like" schizophrenia symptoms were "L-NAME non-responsive, L-arginine responsive" (cognition dysfunction), "L-NAME responsive, L-arginine non-responsive" (social withdrawal), "L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive, opposite effect" (anhedonia) and "L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive, parallel effect" (both anxiogening). In cognition dysfunction, BPC 157 overwhelmed NO-agents effects. The mRNA expression studies in brain tissue evidenced considerable overlapping of gene overexpression in healthy rats treated with ketamine or BPC 157. With the BPC 157 therapy applied immediately after ketamine, the effect on Nos1, Nos2, Plcg1, Prkcg, and Ptgs2 (increased or decreased expression), appeared as a timely specific BPC 157 effect on ketamine-specific targets.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study7

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 counteracted ketamine-induced cognitive dysfunction.

    In plain wordsIn rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 reduced the memory and thinking problems that ketamine caused.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseKetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction (novel object recognition)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Ketamine-induced negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.01 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-cognition dysfunction
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal).
    Summary · context
    Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations).
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 counteracted ketamine-induced social withdrawal.

    In plain wordsIn rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 reduced the social withdrawal that ketamine caused.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseKetamine-induced social withdrawal
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Ketamine-induced negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    0.01 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-cognition dysfunction, social withdrawal, and anhedonia, and exerted additional anxiolytic effect.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal).
    Summary · context
    Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 counteracted ketamine-induced anhedonia.

    In plain wordsIn rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 reduced the loss of pleasure response that ketamine caused.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseKetamine-induced anhedonia (sucrose test)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Ketamine-induced negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    0.01 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-cognition dysfunction, social withdrawal, and anhedonia, and exerted additional anxiolytic effect.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal).
    Summary · context
    Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 exerted an additional anxiolytic effect.

    In plain wordsIn rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 also reduced anxiety-like behaviour.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseAnxiolytic effect (open field test)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Ketamine-induced negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Anxiety and mood · Mental health and mood
    Studied dose
    0.01 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-cognition dysfunction, social withdrawal, and anhedonia, and exerted additional anxiolytic effect.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal).
    Summary · context
    Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations).
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In brain tissue of healthy rats, BPC‑157 and ketamine produced considerably overlapping gene overexpression.

    In plain wordsIn healthy rats, BPC‑157 and ketamine switched on many of the same genes in brain tissue.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    IncreaseBrain gene expression in healthy rats (overlap with ketamine)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Ketamine-induced negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.01 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The mRNA expression studies in brain tissue evidenced considerable overlapping of gene overexpression in healthy rats treated with ketamine or BPC 157.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal).
    Summary · context
    Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations).
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ketamine-treated rats, BPC‑157 given immediately after ketamine increased or decreased expression of Nos1, Nos2, Plcg1, Prkcg and Ptgs2.

    In plain wordsIn rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 raised or lowered the activity of five specific genes.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    MixedExpression of Nos1, Nos2, Plcg1, Prkcg and Ptgs2 after ketamine
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Ketamine-induced negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.01 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    With the BPC 157 therapy applied immediately after ketamine, the effect on Nos1, Nos2, Plcg1, Prkcg, and Ptgs2 (increased or decreased expression), appeared as a timely specific BPC 157 effect on ketamine-specific targets.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal).
    Summary · context
    Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations).

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, BPC-157 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking BPC-157.

  1. 07AnimalNot a test of BPC-157 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 overwhelmed the effects of the NO-agents (L-NAME, L-arginine) on cognitive dysfunction.

    In plain wordsIn rats given ketamine, BPC‑157 outweighed the effects of two nitric oxide drugs on memory and thinking problems.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    Not applicableBPC 157 against NO-agent effects on cognitive dysfunction
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Ketamine-induced negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In cognition dysfunction, BPC 157 overwhelmed NO-agents effects.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal).
    Summary · context
    Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations).

    In this study, BPC-157 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking BPC-157.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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