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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2022

8 results

FGF21 contributes to metabolic improvements elicited by combination therapy with exenatide and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Samms RJ, Cheng CC, Fourcaudot M, Heikkinen S, Khattab A, Adams J, Cersosimo E, Triplitt C, Puckett C, Tsintzas K, Adams AC, Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo RA, Norton L

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism20 Jun 2022Cited by 6 (Europe PMC)

PMID35723225 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC9291413 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1152/ajpendo.00050.2022 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-35723225
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone8

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 01HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In patients with T2D, glucose control improved in both triple and conventional therapy arms.

    In plain wordsGlucose control improved in both treatment groups, including the group without exenatide.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseGlucose control
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in both treatment arms experienced significant improvements in glucose control, but insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were markedly increased after triple therapy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  2. 02HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In patients with T2D, insulin sensitivity increased after metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide triple therapy.

    In plain wordsInsulin sensitivity increased after the three-drug treatment in patients with diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseInsulin sensitivity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in both treatment arms experienced significant improvements in glucose control, but insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were markedly increased after triple therapy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  3. 03HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In patients with T2D, beta-cell function increased after metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide triple therapy.

    In plain wordsInsulin-producing cell function increased after the three-drug treatment in patients with diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseBeta-cell function
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in both treatment arms experienced significant improvements in glucose control, but insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were markedly increased after triple therapy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  4. 04HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In patients with T2D, fasting total FGF21 decreased after triple therapy.

    In plain wordsFasting total FGF21 decreased after the three-drug treatment in patients with diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting total FGF21
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After treatment, fasting total and bioactive FGF21 levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving triple therapy, but there was a relative increase in the proportion of bioactive FGF21 compared with that observed in conventionally treated subjects.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  5. 05HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In patients with T2D, fasting bioactive FGF21 decreased after triple therapy.

    In plain wordsFasting active FGF21 decreased after the three-drug treatment in patients with diabetes.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting bioactive FGF21
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After treatment, fasting total and bioactive FGF21 levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving triple therapy, but there was a relative increase in the proportion of bioactive FGF21 compared with that observed in conventionally treated subjects.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  6. 06HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In patients with T2D, triple therapy increased the bioactive FGF21 proportion relative to conventional therapy.

    In plain wordsThe three-drug treatment increased the active FGF21 proportion compared with conventional treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseBioactive FGF21 proportion
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Conventional therapy
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After treatment, fasting total and bioactive FGF21 levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving triple therapy, but there was a relative increase in the proportion of bioactive FGF21 compared with that observed in conventionally treated subjects.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  7. 07HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In patients with T2D, triple therapy modified the FGF21 response to glucose relative to baseline.

    In plain wordsThe three-drug treatment changed the FGF21 response to glucose compared with baseline.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedFGF21 response to glucose load
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Relative to baseline studies, triple therapy treatment also significantly modified FGF21 levels in response to a glucose load.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  8. 08HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneObservational studyMechanism

    In patients with T2D, changes in circulating FGF21 correlated with markers of improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity.

    In plain wordsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, changes in circulating FGF21 were linked to markers of better glucose control and insulin sensitivity.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedFGF21 changes correlated with markers of glucose control and insulin sensitivity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These changes in circulating FGF21 were correlated with markers of improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We examined whether FGF21 contributed to the metabolic improvements observed following treatment of patients with T2D with either triple (metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide) or conventional (metformin/insulin/glipizide) therapy for 3 yr.
    Summary · context
    Forty-six patients with T2D were randomized to receive either triple or conventional therapy to maintain HbA1c < 6.5%.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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