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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2022

4 results

SARS-CoV-2 and Mitochondrial Proteins in Neural-Derived Exosomes of COVID-19.

Peluso MJ, Deeks SG, Mustapic M, Kapogiannis D, Henrich TJ, Lu S, Goldberg SA, Hoh R, Chen JY, Martinez EO, Kelly JD, Martin JN, Goetzl EJ

Annals of neurology30 Mar 2022Cited by 113 (Europe PMC)

PMID35285072 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC9082480 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/ana.26350 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-35285072
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In people with post-acute COVID-19 sequelae and neuropsychiatric manifestations, the body's own MOTS‑c in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles was lower than in healthy controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with long COVID and neuropsychiatric symptoms, natural MOTS‑c in neuron-derived vesicles was lower than in healthy controls.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    DecreaseMOTS-c in neuron-derived EVs, PASC with neuropsychiatric manifestations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Healthy controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exosome marker CD81-normalized NDEV mean levels of subunit 6 of MP respiratory chain complex I and subunit 10 of complex III, and neuroprotective MPs Humanin and mitochondrial open-reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) all were decreased significantly in PASC with NP but not in PASC without NP relative to controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mitochondrial proteins (MPs) in enriched plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) and astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) were quantified in resolved acute COVID-19 without post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP), PASC…

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In people with post-acute COVID-19 sequelae without neuropsychiatric manifestations, the body's own MOTS‑c in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles did not differ from healthy controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with long COVID but no neuropsychiatric symptoms, natural MOTS‑c in neuron-derived vesicles was not different from healthy controls.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    No significant changeMOTS-c in neuron-derived EVs, PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Healthy controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exosome marker CD81-normalized NDEV mean levels of subunit 6 of MP respiratory chain complex I and subunit 10 of complex III, and neuroprotective MPs Humanin and mitochondrial open-reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) all were decreased significantly in PASC with NP but not in PASC without NP relative to controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mitochondrial proteins (MPs) in enriched plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) and astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) were quantified in resolved acute COVID-19 without post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP), PASC…

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In people with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and neuropsychiatric manifestations, neuron-derived extracellular vesicle humanin levels were significantly lower than in controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with long COVID and brain or mood symptoms, the body's own humanin in neuron vesicles was lower than in healthy people.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseNeuron-derived vesicle humanin in PASC with neuropsychiatric manifestations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Healthy controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exosome marker CD81-normalized NDEV mean levels of subunit 6 of MP respiratory chain complex I and subunit 10 of complex III, and neuroprotective MPs Humanin and mitochondrial open-reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) all were decreased significantly in PASC with NP but not in PASC without NP relative to controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mitochondrial proteins (MPs) in enriched plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) and astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) were quantified in resolved acute COVID-19 without post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP), PASC…

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In people with PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations, neuron-derived extracellular vesicle humanin levels did not decrease significantly relative to controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with long COVID without brain or mood symptoms, the body's own humanin in neuron vesicles did not differ from healthy people.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    No significant changeNeuron-derived vesicle humanin in PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Healthy controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exosome marker CD81-normalized NDEV mean levels of subunit 6 of MP respiratory chain complex I and subunit 10 of complex III, and neuroprotective MPs Humanin and mitochondrial open-reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) all were decreased significantly in PASC with NP but not in PASC without NP relative to controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mitochondrial proteins (MPs) in enriched plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) and astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) were quantified in resolved acute COVID-19 without post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP), PASC…

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 18Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC

    The same notice was added 15 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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