Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.

Cheng H, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhang W, Wang J, Ni W, Miao Y, Liu J, Bi Y

Diabetes care1 May 2022Cited by 57 (Europe PMC)

PMID35263425DOI10.2337/dc21-2064PepBankPUB-35263425

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. 9 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, 16 weeks of liraglutide significantly enhanced impaired odor-induced left hippocampal activation, whereas dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide improved brain activation in a memory area in response to smell; dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseOdor-induced left hippocampal activation
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The 16-week treatment with liraglutide significantly enhanced the impaired odor-induced left hippocampal activation with Gaussian random field correction and improved cognitive subdomains of delayed memory, attention, and executive function (all P < 0.05), whereas dapagliflozin or acarbose did not.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342501
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, 16 weeks of liraglutide improved delayed memory, whereas dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide improved delayed memory; dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseDelayed memory
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The 16-week treatment with liraglutide significantly enhanced the impaired odor-induced left hippocampal activation with Gaussian random field correction and improved cognitive subdomains of delayed memory, attention, and executive function (all P < 0.05), whereas dapagliflozin or acarbose did not.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342502
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, 16 weeks of liraglutide improved attention, whereas dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide improved attention; dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseAttention
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The 16-week treatment with liraglutide significantly enhanced the impaired odor-induced left hippocampal activation with Gaussian random field correction and improved cognitive subdomains of delayed memory, attention, and executive function (all P < 0.05), whereas dapagliflozin or acarbose did not.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342503
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, 16 weeks of liraglutide improved executive function, whereas dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide improved executive function; dapagliflozin and acarbose did not.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseExecutive function
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The 16-week treatment with liraglutide significantly enhanced the impaired odor-induced left hippocampal activation with Gaussian random field correction and improved cognitive subdomains of delayed memory, attention, and executive function (all P < 0.05), whereas dapagliflozin or acarbose did not.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342504
05HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In adults with type 2 diabetes, structural equation modeling attributed the improvements partly to a direct effect of liraglutide on left hippocampal activation.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, a statistical model linked part of the brain gains to a direct effect of liraglutide on a memory area.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseDirect effect of liraglutide on left hippocampal activation (structural equation model)
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
a direct effect of liraglutide on left hippocampal activation (β = 0.330, P = 0.022)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342505
06HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In adults with type 2 diabetes, structural equation modeling attributed the improvements partly to a direct effect of liraglutide on delayed memory.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, a statistical model linked part of the memory gains to a direct effect of liraglutide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseDirect effect of liraglutide on delayed memory (structural equation model)
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
delayed memory (β = 0.410, P = 0.004)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342506
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, reduced waist circumference partly explained the improved brain health and cognitive function.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, a smaller waist was linked to part of the brain and memory gains.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseWaist circumference (mediator of cognitive improvement)
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
reduced waist circumference, decreased body fat ratio, and elevated fasting insulin (all P < 0.05)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342507
08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, a decreased body fat ratio partly explained the improved brain health and cognitive function.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, lower body fat was linked to part of the brain and memory gains.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody fat ratio (mediator of cognitive improvement)
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
reduced waist circumference, decreased body fat ratio, and elevated fasting insulin (all P < 0.05)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342508
09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, elevated fasting insulin partly explained the improved brain health and cognitive function.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, higher fasting insulin was linked to part of the brain and memory gains.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseFasting insulin (mediator of cognitive improvement)
Study
n = 36
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
reduced waist circumference, decreased body fat ratio, and elevated fasting insulin (all P < 0.05)
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks.
Summary · context
Brain functional MRI (fMRI) scan and a battery of cognitive assessments were evaluated pre- and postintervention in all subjects.
Report a problemFND-3526342509

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedNot applicableNCT05313529

LIGHT-MCI Trial: GLP-1 Agonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor, and DPP-4 Inhibitor for MCI Remission in Type 2 Diabetes

The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical Schooln = 3968 Oct 2022 to 1 Jul 2026

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus · Mild Cognitive Impairment

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 6 Aug 2026

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.