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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2022

10 results

The long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide versus empagliflozin and dulaglutide in Portugal.

Malkin SJP, Carvalho D, Costa C, Conde V, Hunt B

Diabetology & metabolic syndrome14 Feb 2022Cited by 10 (Europe PMC)

PMID35164855 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC8845275 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1186/s13098-022-00801-4 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-35164855
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Summary

BackgroundOral semaglutide is a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog that has been associated with improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight versus sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin and injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in the PIONEER 2 clinical trial and in a recent network meta-analysis (NMA), respectively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.MethodsIn two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum. Clinical data were sourced from the PIONEER 2 trial and the NMA for the comparisons versus empagliflozin and dulaglutide, respectively. Patients were assumed to receive initial therapies until HbA1c exceeded 7.5%, then treatment-intensified to solely basal insulin therapy. Costs were accounted from a National Healthcare Service perspective in Portugal and expressed in 2021 euros (EUR). Utilities were taken from published sources.ResultsOral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with improvements in life expectancy of 0.10 and 0.03 years, and quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.11 and 0.03 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively. Improved clinical outcomes were due to a reduced cumulative incidence and increased time to onset of diabetes-related complications with oral semaglutide. Total costs were projected to be EUR 2548 and EUR 814 higher with oral semaglutide versus empagliflozin and dulaglutide, with higher acquisition costs partially offset by cost savings from avoidance of diabetes-related complications. Oral semaglutide 14 mg was therefore associated with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of EUR 23,571 and EUR 23,927 per QALY gained versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively.ConclusionsBased on a willingness-to-pay threshold of EUR 30,000 per QALY gained, oral semaglutide 14 mg was considered cost-effective versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Portugal.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study10

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone10

In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  1. 01Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide increased projected life expectancy by 0.10 years versus empagliflozin.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide increased life expectancy compared with empagliflozin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected life expectancy versus empagliflozin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Empagliflozin 25 mg
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with improvements in life expectancy of 0.10 and 0.03 years, and quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.11 and 0.03 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  2. 02Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide increased projected life expectancy by 0.03 years versus dulaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide increased life expectancy compared with dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected life expectancy versus dulaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide 1.5 mg
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with improvements in life expectancy of 0.10 and 0.03 years, and quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.11 and 0.03 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  3. 03Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide increased projected quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.11 QALYs versus empagliflozin.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide increased quality-adjusted life expectancy compared with empagliflozin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected QALYs versus empagliflozin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Empagliflozin 25 mg
    Outcome group
    Quality of life · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with improvements in life expectancy of 0.10 and 0.03 years, and quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.11 and 0.03 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  4. 04Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide increased projected quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.03 QALYs versus dulaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide increased quality-adjusted life expectancy compared with dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected QALYs versus dulaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide 1.5 mg
    Outcome group
    Quality of life · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide 14 mg was associated with improvements in life expectancy of 0.10 and 0.03 years, and quality-adjusted life expectancy of 0.11 and 0.03 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  5. 05Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide projected fewer diabetes complications than empagliflozin and dulaglutide in separate analyses.

    In plain wordsComputer models projected fewer diabetes complications with oral semaglutide than with empagliflozin and dulaglutide in separate analyses.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseProjected complication incidence
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Empagliflozin and dulaglutide in separate analyses
    Outcome group
    Diabetes complications · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Improved clinical outcomes were due to a reduced cumulative incidence and increased time to onset of diabetes-related complications with oral semaglutide.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  6. 06Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide projected later diabetes complications than empagliflozin and dulaglutide in separate analyses.

    In plain wordsComputer models projected later diabetes complications with oral semaglutide than with empagliflozin and dulaglutide in separate analyses.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected time to complications
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Empagliflozin and dulaglutide in separate analyses
    Outcome group
    Diabetes complications · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Improved clinical outcomes were due to a reduced cumulative incidence and increased time to onset of diabetes-related complications with oral semaglutide.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  7. 07Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide increased total projected costs by EUR 2548 versus empagliflozin.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide cost more than empagliflozin.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected costs versus empagliflozin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Empagliflozin
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Total costs were projected to be EUR 2548 and EUR 814 higher with oral semaglutide versus empagliflozin and dulaglutide, with higher acquisition costs partially offset by cost savings from avoidance of diabetes-related complications.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  8. 08Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide increased total projected costs by EUR 814 versus dulaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide cost more than dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseProjected costs versus dulaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Total costs were projected to be EUR 2548 and EUR 814 higher with oral semaglutide versus empagliflozin and dulaglutide, with higher acquisition costs partially offset by cost savings from avoidance of diabetes-related complications.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  9. 09Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of EUR 23,571 per QALY versus empagliflozin.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide was cost-effective versus empagliflozin at EUR 30,000 per quality-adjusted life year.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableIncremental cost-effectiveness versus empagliflozin
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Empagliflozin 25 mg
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide 14 mg was therefore associated with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of EUR 23,571 and EUR 23,927 per QALY gained versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Based on a willingness-to-pay threshold of EUR 30,000 per QALY gained, oral semaglutide 14 mg was considered cost-effective versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

  10. 10Computer modelNot a test of Semaglutide aloneIn silicoOther

    In a Portuguese diabetes model, oral semaglutide had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of EUR 23,927 per QALY versus dulaglutide.

    In plain wordsIn computer projections, oral semaglutide was cost-effective versus dulaglutide at EUR 30,000 per quality-adjusted life year.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableIncremental cost-effectiveness versus dulaglutide
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0)
    Comparator
    Dulaglutide 1.5 mg
    Outcome group
    Cost-effectiveness · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Oral semaglutide 14 mg was therefore associated with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of EUR 23,571 and EUR 23,927 per QALY gained versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg, respectively.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Based on a willingness-to-pay threshold of EUR 30,000 per QALY gained, oral semaglutide 14 mg was considered cost-effective versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide 14 mg versus empagliflozin 25 mg and dulaglutide 1.5 mg for the treatment of type 2 diabetes from a healthcare payer perspective in Portugal.
    Summary · context
    In two separate analyses, outcomes were projected over patients' lifetimes using the IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model (v9.0), discounted at 4% per annum.

    In this study, Semaglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Semaglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:25 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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