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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2022

5 results

A biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BELISA) for the analysis of gonadorelin by using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated microplates.

Torrini F, Caponi L, Bertolini A, Palladino P, Cipolli F, Saba A, Paolicchi A, Scarano S, Minunni M

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry13 Jan 2022Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID35028691 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC9242967 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00216-021-03867-7 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-35028691
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Summary

An original biomimetic enzyme-linked immunoassay (BELISA) to target the small peptide hormone gonadorelin is presented. This peptide has been recently listed among the substances banned in sports by the World Antidoping Agency (WADA) since its misuse by male athletes triggers testosterone increase. Hence, in response to this emerging issue in anti-doping controls, we proposed BELISA which involves the growth of a polynorepinephrine (PNE)-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) directly on microwells. PNE, a polydopamine (PDA) analog, has recently displayed impressive performances when it was exploited for MIP preparation, giving even better results than PDA. Gonadorelin quantification was accomplished via a colorimetric indirect competitive bioassay involving the competition between biotinylated gonadorelin linked to the signal reporter and the unlabeled analyte. These compete for the same MIP binding sites resulting in an inverse correlation between gonadorelin concentration and the output color signal (λ = 450 nm). A detection limit of 277 pmol L-1 was achieved with very good reproducibility in standard solutions (avCV% = 4.07%) and in urine samples (avCV% = 5.24%). The selectivity of the assay resulted adequate for biological specimens and non-specific control peptides. In addition, the analytical figures of merit were successfully validated by mass spectrometry, the reference anti-doping benchtop platform for the analyte. BELISA was aimed to open real perspectives for PNE-based MIPs as alternatives to antibodies, especially when the target analyte is a poorly or non-immunogenic small molecule, such as gonadorelin. Biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BELISA).
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH).

  1. 01LabNot a test of Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    A biomimetic ELISA based on a molecularly imprinted polymer detected gonadorelin with a detection limit of 277 pmol/L.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a new assay detected gonadorelin down to 277 pmol/L.

    Peptide
    Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH)
    Outcome
    Not applicableDetection limit of the gonadorelin assay
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Polynorepinephrine molecularly imprinted polymer-coated microplate (BELISA)
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Detection limit
    277 pmol/L
    BELISA

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A detection limit of 277 pmol L-1 was achieved with very good reproducibility in standard solutions (avCV% = 4.07%) and in urine samples (avCV% = 5.24%).

    In this study, Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH).

  2. 02LabNot a test of Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    The gonadorelin assay showed very good reproducibility in standard solutions, with an average CV of 4.07%.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the gonadorelin assay gave very reproducible results in standard solutions.

    Peptide
    Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH)
    Outcome
    Not applicableReproducibility in standard solutions
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Polynorepinephrine molecularly imprinted polymer-coated microplate (BELISA)
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Average CV
    4.07%
    standard solutions

    Source sentences

    Summary
    very good reproducibility in standard solutions (avCV% = 4.07%) and in urine samples (avCV% = 5.24%).

    In this study, Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH).

  3. 03LabNot a test of Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    The gonadorelin assay showed an average CV of 5.24% in urine samples.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the gonadorelin assay gave reproducible results in urine samples.

    Peptide
    Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH)
    Outcome
    Not applicableReproducibility in urine samples
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Polynorepinephrine molecularly imprinted polymer-coated microplate (BELISA)
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Average CV
    5.24%
    urine samples

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and in urine samples (avCV% = 5.24%).

    In this study, Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH).

  4. 04LabNot a test of Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    The selectivity of the gonadorelin assay was adequate for biological specimens and non-specific control peptides.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the gonadorelin assay was selective enough for biological samples and control peptides.

    Peptide
    Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH)
    Outcome
    Not applicableAssay selectivity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Polynorepinephrine molecularly imprinted polymer-coated microplate (BELISA)
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The selectivity of the assay resulted adequate for biological specimens and non-specific control peptides.

    In this study, Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH).

  5. 05LabNot a test of Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    The analytical figures of merit of the gonadorelin assay were validated by mass spectrometry.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, mass spectrometry confirmed the performance of the gonadorelin assay.

    Peptide
    Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH)
    Outcome
    Not applicableValidation by mass spectrometry
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Polynorepinephrine molecularly imprinted polymer-coated microplate (BELISA)
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In addition, the analytical figures of merit were successfully validated by mass spectrometry, the reference anti-doping benchtop platform for the analyte.

    In this study, Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Gonadorelin (GnRH, LHRH).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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