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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2021

10 results

Robert's Intragastric Alcohol-Induced Gastric Lesion Model as an Escalated General Peripheral and Central Syndrome, Counteracted by the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157.

Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vranes H, Zizek H, Drmic D, Batelja Vuletic L, Milavic M, Sikiric S, Stilinovic I, Simeon P, Knezevic M, Kolak T and 12 more

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Tepes M, Simonji K, Strbe S, Nikolac Gabaj N, Barisic I, Oreskovic EG, Lovric E, Kokot A, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P

Biomedicines23 Sept 2021Cited by 32 (Europe PMC)

PMID34680419 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC8533388 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3390/biomedicines9101300 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-34680419
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Summary

We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models. With this redefinition, we used Robert's model to examine the cytoprotective effects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. The intragastric administration of alcohol induced gastric lesions, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, severe brain swelling and lesions, portal and vena caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, severe thrombosis, inferior vena cava and superior mesenteric vein congestion, azygos vein failure (as a failed collateral pathway), electrocardiogram disturbances, and heart, lung, liver and kidney lesions. The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly. Specifically, BPC 157 reversed brain swelling and superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena caval congestion, and helped the azygos vein to recover, which improved the collateral blood flow pathway. Microscopically, BPC 157 counteracted brain (i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage with degenerative changes of cerebral and cerebellar neurons), heart (acute subendocardial infarct), lung (parenchymal hemorrhage), liver (congestion), kidney (congestion) and gastrointestinal (epithelium loss, hemorrhagic gastritis) lesions. In addition, this may have taken place along with the activation of specific molecular pathways. In conclusion, these findings clarify and extend the theory of cytoprotection, offer an approach to its practical application, and establish BPC 157 as a prospective cytoprotective treatment.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study10

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 given 1 min after alcohol rapidly counteracted the gastric lesions and the general peripheral and central deficits.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 quickly reduced the stomach damage and the wider body effects.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseAlcohol-induced gastric and systemic deficits
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitoneal · 1 min after alcoholAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 reversed brain swelling.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reversed swelling of the brain.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseBrain swelling
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BPC 157 reversed brain swelling
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 reversed superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena caval congestion.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reversed blood pooling in two large veins.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseSuperior mesenteric vein and inferior vena caval congestion
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena caval congestion
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 helped the azygos vein to recover, which improved the collateral blood flow pathway.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 helped a backup vein recover and improved the alternative blood flow route.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    IncreaseAzygos vein recovery and collateral blood flow
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    helped the azygos vein to recover, which improved the collateral blood flow pathway
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 counteracted brain lesions with intracerebral hemorrhage and degenerative changes of cerebral and cerebellar neurons on microscopy.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reduced brain bleeding and nerve cell damage seen under the microscope.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseBrain lesions (intracerebral hemorrhage, neuron degeneration)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    brain (i.e., intracerebral hemorrhage with degenerative changes of cerebral and cerebellar neurons)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 counteracted heart lesions (acute subendocardial infarct) on microscopy.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reduced heart damage seen under the microscope.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseHeart lesions (acute subendocardial infarct)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    heart (acute subendocardial infarct)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 counteracted lung lesions (parenchymal hemorrhage) on microscopy.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reduced lung bleeding seen under the microscope.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung lesions (parenchymal hemorrhage)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Lung injury and fibrosis · Respiratory
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    lung (parenchymal hemorrhage)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 counteracted liver lesions (congestion) on microscopy.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reduced liver blood pooling seen under the microscope.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseLiver lesions (congestion)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    liver (congestion)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 counteracted kidney lesions (congestion) on microscopy.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reduced kidney blood pooling seen under the microscope.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseKidney lesions (congestion)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    kidney (congestion)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats given intragastric alcohol, BPC‑157 counteracted gastrointestinal lesions (epithelium loss, hemorrhagic gastritis) on microscopy.

    In plain wordsIn rats given alcohol into the stomach, BPC‑157 reduced gut lining loss and stomach bleeding seen under the microscope.

    Peptide
    BPC-157
    Outcome
    DecreaseGastrointestinal lesions (epithelium loss, hemorrhagic gastritis)
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Intragastric 96% alcohol (Robert's cytoprotection model)
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    gastrointestinal (epithelium loss, hemorrhagic gastritis)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    We redefined Robert's prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occluded in animal models.
    Summary · context
    The use of BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg or 10 ng/kg given intraperitoneally 1 min after alcohol) counteracted these deficits rapidly.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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