Thymosin β4 is essential for thrombus formation by controlling the G-actin/F-actin equilibrium in platelets.

Scheller I, Beck S, Göb V, Gross C, Neagoe RAI, Aurbach K, Bender M, Stegner D, Nagy Z, Nieswandt B

Haematologica1 Dec 2022Cited by 19 (Europe PMC)

PMID34348450DOI10.3324/haematol.2021.278537PepBankPUB-34348450

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone14

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tβ4 deficiency resulted in macrothrombocytopenia (fewer, slightly larger platelets).
In plain wordsIn mice, removing the Tβ4 gene gave fewer platelets in the blood.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreasePlatelet count
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin β4 deficiency resulted in a macrothrombocytopenia with only mildly increased platelet volume
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845001
02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tβ4 deficiency was linked to a mildly increased platelet volume.
In plain wordsIn mice, removing the Tβ4 gene made platelets slightly bigger.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePlatelet volume
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin β4 deficiency resulted in a macrothrombocytopenia with only mildly increased platelet volume
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845002
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tβ4 deficiency did not change platelet life span.
In plain wordsIn mice, removing the Tβ4 gene did not change how long platelets lived.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changePlatelet life span
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
an unaltered platelet life span.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845003
04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tmsb4x knockout did not change megakaryocyte numbers in bone marrow and spleen.
In plain wordsIn mice, removing the Tβ4 gene did not change the number of platelet-making cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeMegakaryocyte numbers in bone marrow and spleen
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Megakaryocyte numbers in the bone marrow and spleen were unaltered
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845004
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tmsb4x knockout megakaryocytes showed defective proplatelet formation in vitro and in vivo.
In plain wordsIn mice, removing the Tβ4 gene impaired the early steps of platelet making.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseProplatelet formation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Tmsb4x KO megakaryocytes showed defective proplatelet formation in vitro and in vivo.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845005
06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice, Tβ4-deficient platelets displayed markedly decreased G-actin levels.
In plain wordsIn mice, platelets without Tβ4 had much less free actin protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseG-actin levels in platelets
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin β4-deficient platelets displayed markedly decreased G-actin levels and concomitantly increased F-actin levels resulting in accelerated spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845006
07AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice, Tβ4-deficient platelets displayed increased F-actin levels.
In plain wordsIn mice, platelets without Tβ4 had more filament actin protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseF-actin levels in platelets
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin β4-deficient platelets displayed markedly decreased G-actin levels and concomitantly increased F-actin levels resulting in accelerated spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845007
08AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tβ4-deficient platelets showed accelerated spreading on fibrinogen.
In plain wordsIn mice, platelets without Tβ4 spread faster on a clotting protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePlatelet spreading on fibrinogen
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin β4-deficient platelets displayed markedly decreased G-actin levels and concomitantly increased F-actin levels resulting in accelerated spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845008
09AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tβ4-deficient platelets showed accelerated clot retraction.
In plain wordsIn mice, platelets without Tβ4 shrank clots faster.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseClot retraction
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Thymosin β4-deficient platelets displayed markedly decreased G-actin levels and concomitantly increased F-actin levels resulting in accelerated spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845009
10AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tmsb4x knockout platelets showed activation defects.
In plain wordsIn mice, platelets without Tβ4 were less able to activate.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreasePlatelet activation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, Tmsb4x KO platelets showed activation defects
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845010
11AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice, Tmsb4x knockout platelets had impaired ITAM signaling downstream of the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI.
In plain wordsIn mice, platelets without Tβ4 had weaker signaling from the collagen receptor.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseITAM signaling downstream of glycoprotein VI
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
an impaired immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling downstream of the activating collagen receptor glycoprotein VI.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845011
12AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tβ4 deficiency impaired aggregate formation under flow.
In plain wordsIn mice, platelets without Tβ4 formed clumps less well under blood flow.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseAggregate formation under flow
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
These defects translated into impaired aggregate formation under flow
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845012
13AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice, Tβ4 deficiency protected from occlusive arterial thrombus formation in vivo.
In plain wordsIn mice, removing the Tβ4 gene protected against artery-blocking clots.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseOcclusive arterial thrombus formation in vivo
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
protection from occlusive arterial thrombus formation in vivo and increased tail bleeding times.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845013
14AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome
In mice, Tβ4 deficiency increased tail bleeding times.
In plain wordsIn mice, removing the Tβ4 gene made bleeding last longer.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTail bleeding time
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Constitutive Tmsb4x knockout mice
Comparator
Wild-type control
Outcome group
Adverse events · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
increased tail bleeding times.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Here, we analyzed constitutive Tmsb4x knockout (KO) mice to investigate the functional role of the protein in platelet production and function.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3434845014

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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