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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2021

8 results

A pH-Triggered Self-Unpacking Capsule Containing Zwitterionic Hydrogel-Coated MOF Nanoparticles for Efficient Oral Exendin-4 Delivery.

Zhou Y, Chen Z, Zhao D, Li D, He C, Chen X

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)3 Jul 2021Cited by 113 (Europe PMC)

PMID34216408 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/adma.202102044 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-34216408
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules enhanced plasma exendin‑4 levels for over 8 hours.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules increased blood exendin‑4 for over 8 hours.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePlasma exendin-4 levels
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diabetes rat model
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After oral administration of the capsules containing exendin-4-loaded nanoparticles into a diabetes rat model, markedly enhanced plasma exendin-4 levels are achieved for over 8 h, leading to significantly increased endogenous insulin secretion and a remarkable hypoglycemic effect with a relative pha…
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules significantly increased endogenous insulin secretion.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules increased natural insulin release.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseEndogenous insulin secretion
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diabetes rat model
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After oral administration of the capsules containing exendin-4-loaded nanoparticles into a diabetes rat model, markedly enhanced plasma exendin-4 levels are achieved for over 8 h, leading to significantly increased endogenous insulin secretion and a remarkable hypoglycemic effect with a relative pha…
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules produced a hypoglycemic effect.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules reduced blood sugar.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHypoglycemic effect
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diabetes rat model
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After oral administration of the capsules containing exendin-4-loaded nanoparticles into a diabetes rat model, markedly enhanced plasma exendin-4 levels are achieved for over 8 h, leading to significantly increased endogenous insulin secretion and a remarkable hypoglycemic effect with a relative pha…
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules achieved relative pharmacological availability of 17.3%.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic rats, oral exendin‑4 nanoparticle capsules had relative pharmacological availability of 17.3%.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableRelative pharmacological availability
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Diabetes rat model
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).

    Measurements

    Relative pharmacological availability
    17.3%
    oral capsules in diabetic rats

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After oral administration of the capsules containing exendin-4-loaded nanoparticles into a diabetes rat model, markedly enhanced plasma exendin-4 levels are achieved for over 8 h, leading to significantly increased endogenous insulin secretion and a remarkable hypoglycemic effect with a relative pha…

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 05LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Other

    In lab tests, the zwitterionic hydrogel coating enabled mucus permeation by exendin‑4 delivery nanoparticles.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, hydrogel-coated exendin‑4 delivery nanoparticles crossed mucus.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableMucus permeation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Mucus and epithelial cell delivery model
    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The MOF nanoparticles possess a high exendin-4 loading capacity, and the zwitterionic hydrogel layer imparts unique capability of permeation across the mucus layer and effective internalization by epithelial cells to the nano-vehicles.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  2. 06LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Other

    In lab tests, the zwitterionic hydrogel coating enabled epithelial internalization of exendin‑4 delivery nanoparticles.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, epithelial cells took in hydrogel-coated exendin‑4 delivery nanoparticles.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableEpithelial internalization
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Mucus and epithelial cell delivery model
    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The MOF nanoparticles possess a high exendin-4 loading capacity, and the zwitterionic hydrogel layer imparts unique capability of permeation across the mucus layer and effective internalization by epithelial cells to the nano-vehicles.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  3. 07LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In lab tests, MOF nanoparticles had a high exendin‑4 loading capacity.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, MOF nanoparticles held a high amount of exendin‑4.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableExendin-4 loading capacity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Hydrogel-coated MOF nanoparticles
    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The MOF nanoparticles possess a high exendin-4 loading capacity, and the zwitterionic hydrogel layer imparts unique capability of permeation across the mucus layer and effective internalization by epithelial cells to the nano-vehicles.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  4. 08LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In the intestinal environment, pH-responsive capsules dissociated through carbon dioxide bubble generation and suddenly released exendin‑4 delivery nanoparticles.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, intestinal conditions triggered carbon dioxide bubbles that caused capsules to release exendin‑4 delivery nanoparticles.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableIntestinal capsule dissociation and nanoparticle release
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    pH-responsive capsule delivery system
    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In addition to the gastro-resistant feature, the pH-responsive capsules are dissociated drastically in the intestinal environment due to the rapid generation of abundant CO2 bubbles, which triggers a sudden release of the nanoparticles.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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