Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.

Quast DR, Nauck MA, Schenker N, Menge BA, Kapitza C, Meier JJ

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism16 Jul 2021Cited by 32 (Europe PMC)

PMID34189834DOI10.1111/dom.14477PepBankPUB-34189834

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. 12 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, 10 weeks of liraglutide and of lixisenatide each reduced macronutrient intake, with similar effects.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide lowered food intake, and lixisenatide did so to a similar degree.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseMacronutrient intake
Study
n = 50
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Both GLP-1 RAs reduced macronutrient intake similarly.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983401
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, treatment with liraglutide or lixisenatide for 10 weeks was reported to reduce body weight, and the reduction was not driven by changes in gastric emptying.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide treatment was linked to lower body weight, similar to lixisenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight reduction
Study
n = 50
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Reductions in appetite and body weight as a result of treatment with short- or long-acting GLP-1 RAs
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983402
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, treatment with liraglutide or lixisenatide for 10 weeks was reported to reduce appetite, and the reduction was not driven by changes in gastric emptying.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide treatment was linked to lower appetite, similar to lixisenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseAppetite reduction
Study
n = 50
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Reductions in appetite and body weight as a result of treatment with short- or long-acting GLP-1 RAs
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983403
04HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In adults with type 2 diabetes treated with liraglutide or lixisenatide, weight loss and appetite reduction were not related to the delay in gastric emptying or to gastrointestinal side effects.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, weight loss and lower appetite on liraglutide or lixisenatide were not linked to slower stomach emptying or side effects.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAssociation of weight loss and appetite reduction with delayed gastric emptying and GI side effects
Study
n = 50
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Weight loss and appetite reduction were not related to the delay in gastric emptying or gastrointestinal side effects (P > .05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983404
05HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, serum lipase rose significantly with liraglutide, but not with lixisenatide, over 10 weeks.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the pancreas enzyme lipase rose with liraglutide but not with lixisenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseLipase activity change
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Lipase change
18.3 U/L
liraglutide
Source sentences
Summary
Lipase increased significantly with liraglutide treatment (by 18.3 ± 4.1 U/L; P = .0001), but not with lixisenatide (-1.8 ± 2.4 U/L; P = .46).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983405
06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, faecal elastase, an indicator of exocrine pancreas function, improved with liraglutide and with lixisenatide (P < .05).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, a stool marker of pancreas function improved with liraglutide, as it did with lixisenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedFaecal elastase (exocrine pancreas function)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Faecal elastase and serum ß-carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups (P < .05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983406
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 2 diabetes, serum beta-carotene, an indicator of exocrine pancreas function, improved with liraglutide and with lixisenatide (P < .05).
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, a blood marker of pancreas function improved with liraglutide, as it did with lixisenatide.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedSerum beta-carotene (exocrine pancreas function)
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Faecal elastase and serum ß-carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups (P < .05).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983407
08HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In adults with type 2 diabetes treated with liraglutide or lixisenatide, changes in lipase activity did not correlate with gastrointestinal symptoms.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, changes in lipase on liraglutide or lixisenatide were not linked to stomach or bowel symptoms.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeAssociation of lipase change with gastrointestinal symptoms
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Changes in lipase activities did not correlate with gastrointestinal symptoms (P > .05 for each variable).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983408
09HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In participants with type 2 diabetes, macronutrient intake was reduced after lixisenatide treatment, similarly to liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn participants with diabetes, lixisenatide reduced macronutrient intake, similarly to liraglutide.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
DecreaseMacronutrient intake
Study
n = 50
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Both GLP-1 RAs reduced macronutrient intake similarly.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983409
10HumanNon-randomized trialOther
In participants with type 2 diabetes, lipase changed by -1.8 ± 2.4 U/L with lixisenatide, without statistical significance (P = .46).
In plain wordsIn participants with diabetes, lipase decreased slightly during lixisenatide treatment compared with baseline, without statistical significance.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
DecreaseLipase change
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Lipase change
−1.8 U/L
lixisenatide
Standard error or deviation
2.4 U/L
not specified
P value
0.46
baseline comparison
Source sentences
Summary
Lipase increased significantly with liraglutide treatment (by 18.3 ± 4.1 U/L; P = .0001), but not with lixisenatide (-1.8 ± 2.4 U/L; P = .46).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983410
11HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In participants with type 2 diabetes, faecal elastase improved during lixisenatide treatment (P < .05).
In plain wordsIn participants with diabetes, a marker of pancreatic function improved during lixisenatide treatment compared with baseline.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedFaecal elastase
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Faecal elastase and serum ß-carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups (P < .05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983411
12HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In participants with type 2 diabetes, serum ß-carotin improved during lixisenatide treatment (P < .05).
In plain wordsIn participants with diabetes, serum beta-carotene improved during lixisenatide treatment compared with baseline.
Peptide
Lixisenatide
Outcome
Direction not reportedSerum ß-carotin
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 10 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Faecal elastase and serum ß-carotin levels (indicators for exocrine pancreas function) improved in both groups (P < .05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Fifty participants were randomized to either lixisenatide or liraglutide for a treatment period of 10 weeks.
Report a problemFND-3418983412

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 4 to 5Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 3
27 Oct 2026, 16:36 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 2
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.

Summary

Results from this study12

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords