Effective oral delivery of Exenatide-Zn²⁺ complex through distal ileum-targeted double layers nanocarriers modified with deoxycholic acid and glycocholic acid in diabetes therapy.

Han Y, Liu W, Chen L, Xin X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Jin M, Gao Z, Huang W

Biomaterials7 Jun 2021Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID34153783DOI10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120944PepBankPUB-34153783

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

01AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle accumulated effectively in the distal ileum.
In plain wordsIn animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle accumulated effectively in the final part of the small intestine.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableDistal ileum accumulation
Study
n: not reported in source
In vivo nanoparticle delivery model
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, in vivo studies showed that the nanoparticle effectively accumulated in distal ileum, raised the plasma concentration of Exenatide, prolonged hypoglycemic effect, reduced blood lipid levels, and lightened organ lesions.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378308
02AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle raised plasma exenatide concentration.
In plain wordsIn animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle increased blood exenatide levels.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreasePlasma exenatide concentration
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, in vivo studies showed that the nanoparticle effectively accumulated in distal ileum, raised the plasma concentration of Exenatide, prolonged hypoglycemic effect, reduced blood lipid levels, and lightened organ lesions.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378309
03AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle prolonged the hypoglycemic effect.
In plain wordsIn animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle prolonged the blood sugar reduction.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseDuration of hypoglycemic effect
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, in vivo studies showed that the nanoparticle effectively accumulated in distal ileum, raised the plasma concentration of Exenatide, prolonged hypoglycemic effect, reduced blood lipid levels, and lightened organ lesions.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378310
04AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle reduced blood lipid levels.
In plain wordsIn animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle reduced blood fat levels.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseBlood lipid levels
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, in vivo studies showed that the nanoparticle effectively accumulated in distal ileum, raised the plasma concentration of Exenatide, prolonged hypoglycemic effect, reduced blood lipid levels, and lightened organ lesions.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378311
05AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle lessened organ lesions.
In plain wordsIn animals, the exenatide-zinc nanoparticle reduced organ damage.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseOrgan lesions
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Lung injury and fibrosis · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, in vivo studies showed that the nanoparticle effectively accumulated in distal ileum, raised the plasma concentration of Exenatide, prolonged hypoglycemic effect, reduced blood lipid levels, and lightened organ lesions.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378312
06LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Pharmacokinetics
In vitro, dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticles enhanced exenatide uptake.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticles increased exenatide uptake.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseExenatide uptake
Study
n: not reported in source
In vitro nanoparticle uptake and transport model
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
As a result, this dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticle demonstrated enhanced uptake and transport of Exenatide, and a special targeting to apical sodium-dependent cholic acid transporter in vitro.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378305
07LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Pharmacokinetics
In vitro, dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticles enhanced exenatide transport.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticles increased exenatide transport.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseExenatide transport
Study
n: not reported in source
In vitro nanoparticle uptake and transport model
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
As a result, this dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticle demonstrated enhanced uptake and transport of Exenatide, and a special targeting to apical sodium-dependent cholic acid transporter in vitro.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378306
08LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In vitro, dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticles targeted the apical sodium-dependent cholic acid transporter.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticles targeted a cholic acid transporter.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableTransporter targeting
Study
n: not reported in source
In vitro nanoparticle uptake and transport model
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
As a result, this dual cholic acid-functionalized nanoparticle demonstrated enhanced uptake and transport of Exenatide, and a special targeting to apical sodium-dependent cholic acid transporter in vitro.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378307
09LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In lab tests, exenatide-zinc nanocomplexes had a zeta potential of +8 mV.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, exenatide-zinc nanocomplexes had a zeta potential of +8 mV.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableNanocomplex zeta potential
Study
n: not reported in source
Exenatide-Zn complex nanocarriers
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
We first condensed Exenatide-Zn²⁺ complex with deoxycholic acid-low molecular weight protamine to prepare nanocomplexes with ζ-potentials of +8 mV and sizes of 95 nm.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378301
10LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In lab tests, exenatide-zinc nanocomplexes measured 95 nm.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, exenatide-zinc nanocomplexes measured 95 nm.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableNanocomplex size
Study
n: not reported in source
Exenatide-Zn complex nanocarriers
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
We first condensed Exenatide-Zn²⁺ complex with deoxycholic acid-low molecular weight protamine to prepare nanocomplexes with ζ-potentials of +8 mV and sizes of 95 nm.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378302
11LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In lab tests, copolymer masking produced exenatide-zinc nanoparticles with a charge of -22 mV.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, coated exenatide-zinc nanoparticles had a charge of -22 mV.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableNanoparticle charge
Study
n: not reported in source
Exenatide-Zn complex nanocarriers
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Then, we used glycocholic acid-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polysialic acid copolymers masking the positive charge of nanocomplexes to prepare nanoparticles with negative charges of -22 mV and homogeneous sizes of 140 nm.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378303
12LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other
In lab tests, copolymer masking produced exenatide-zinc nanoparticles with a homogeneous size of 140 nm.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, coated exenatide-zinc nanoparticles had a uniform size of 140 nm.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableNanoparticle size
Study
n: not reported in source
Exenatide-Zn complex nanocarriers
Outcome group
Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Then, we used glycocholic acid-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-polysialic acid copolymers masking the positive charge of nanocomplexes to prepare nanoparticles with negative charges of -22 mV and homogeneous sizes of 140 nm.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3415378304

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords

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