Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on secretions of insulin and glucagon and gastric emptying in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective, observational study.

Kuwata H, Yabe D, Murotani K, Fujiwara Y, Haraguchi T, Kubota S, Kubota-Okamoto S, Usui R, Ishitobi M, Yamazaki Y, Hamamoto Y, Kurose T, Seino Y, Yamada Y, Seino Y

Journal of diabetes investigation16 Jun 2021Cited by 37 (Europe PMC)

PMID34022121PMCIDPMC8668059DOI10.1111/jdi.13598PepBankPUB-34022121

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. 12 results from people.

01HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, 12 weeks of liraglutide significantly reduced HbA1c.
In plain wordsIn Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, 12 weeks of liraglutide lowered HbA1c, a measure of blood sugar control.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c change at week 12
Study
n = 6
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
While 12-week administration of all of the GLP-1RAs significantly reduced HbA1c
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212101
02HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, 12 weeks of liraglutide significantly reduced body weight.
In plain wordsIn Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, 12 weeks of liraglutide reduced body weight.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseBody weight change at week 12
Study
n = 6
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
only lixisenatide and liraglutide, but not dulaglutide, significantly reduced body weight
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212102
03HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, postprandial glucose elevation improved with liraglutide, as with the other GLP-1RAs.
In plain wordsIn Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide lowered the rise in blood sugar after a meal.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreasePostprandial glucose excursion
Study
n = 6
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Postprandial glucose elevation was improved by all of the GLP-1RAs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212103
04HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, postprandial insulin levels were enhanced by liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide raised insulin levels after a meal.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreasePostprandial insulin level
Study
n = 6
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Postprandial insulin levels were suppressed by lixisenatide, while insulin levels were enhanced by liraglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212104
05HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide had limited effects on the gastric emptying rate.
In plain wordsIn Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide had little effect on how fast the stomach emptied.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeGastric emptying rate
Study
n = 6
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
while liraglutide and dulaglutide had limited effects on gastric emptying.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212105
06HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, GIP secretion was suppressed by liraglutide.
In plain wordsIn Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide lowered the gut hormone GIP after a meal.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreasePostprandial GIP secretion
Study
n = 6
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
GIP secretion was suppressed by lixisenatide and liraglutide.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212106
07HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, apolipoprotein B48 secretion was suppressed by liraglutide, as by the other GLP-1RAs.
In plain wordsIn Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide lowered apolipoprotein B48, a marker of fat from meals, after a meal.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreasePostprandial apolipoprotein B48 secretion
Study
n = 6
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Apolipoprotein B48 secretion was suppressed by all of the GLP-1RAs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212107
08HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to significantly lower HbA1c after 12 weeks than before treatment.
In plain wordsIn Japanese patients with diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to lower HbA1c after 12 weeks than before treatment.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before GLP-1RA initiation
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
While 12-week administration of all of the GLP-1RAs significantly reduced HbA1c, only lixisenatide and liraglutide, but not dulaglutide, significantly reduced body weight.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212108
09HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, dulaglutide was not linked to a significant body weight reduction after 12 weeks.
In plain wordsIn Japanese patients with diabetes, weight did not decrease significantly after 12 weeks of dulaglutide compared with before treatment.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
No significant changeBody weight
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before GLP-1RA initiation
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
While 12-week administration of all of the GLP-1RAs significantly reduced HbA1c, only lixisenatide and liraglutide, but not dulaglutide, significantly reduced body weight.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212109
10HumanObservational studyEfficacy outcome
In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to improved postprandial glucose elevation compared with before treatment.
In plain wordsIn Japanese patients with diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to smaller after-meal blood sugar increases than before treatment.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreasePostprandial glucose elevation
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before GLP-1RA initiation
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Postprandial glucose elevation was improved by all of the GLP-1RAs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212110
11HumanObservational studyMechanism
In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, dulaglutide had limited effects on gastric emptying compared with before treatment.
In plain wordsIn Japanese patients with diabetes, dulaglutide had limited effects on stomach emptying compared with before treatment.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
Direction not reportedGastric emptying
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before GLP-1RA initiation
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The gastric emptying rate was significantly delayed by lixisenatide, while liraglutide and dulaglutide had limited effects on gastric emptying.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212111
12HumanObservational studyMechanism
In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to suppressed apolipoprotein B48 secretion compared with before treatment.
In plain wordsIn Japanese patients with diabetes, dulaglutide was linked to lower apolipoprotein B48 secretion than before treatment.
Peptide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Outcome
DecreaseApolipoprotein B48 secretion
Study
n = 5
Comparator
Before GLP-1RA initiation
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Apolipoprotein B48 secretion was suppressed by all of the GLP-1RAs.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
A single-arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP-1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate.
Summary · context
Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP-1RA initiation.
Summary · context
Eighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP-1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5.
Report a problemFND-3402212112

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 7 to 10Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
The same notice was added 4 times, first on 27 Oct 2026, 18:20 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 6
27 Oct 2026, 16:36 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Versions 4 to 5
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
The same notice was added 2 times, first on 22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 3
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 2
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on secretions of insulin and glucagon and gastric emptying in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective, observational study.

Summary

Results from this study12

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords